Ch_32_Circulatory_System Flashcards
T/F hydra have a circulatory system
F
why don’t small organisms need a circulatory system?
the cells are close together
roles of circulatory system
1)removes wastes from and brings nutrients/oxygen to cell 2) fluid circulation
2 types of circulatory systems
closed and open
3 types of blood vessels
capillaries, arteries, veins
artery role
blood transport from heart
arteries are thick or thin
thick
do arteries expand on heart contraction or relaxation
contraction
capillary role
gas and nutrient exchange
how are gas and nutrients exchanged in capillaries
diffusion/osmosis
how many cells thick are capillaries?
one
capillaries are connected to both _ and _
venules and arterioles
vein role
carry blood to heart
veins when very tiny
venules
arteries when very tiny
arterioles
compared to veins, arteries are _ and _
thick and high pressure
how do veins prevent blood from flowing the wrong way
valves
myocardium definition
muscle tissue in heart
what cavity contains the heart
pericardial cavity
what sac contains heart
pericardium
top chambers of heart are called atria or ventricles
atria
bottom chambers of heart are called atria or ventricles
ventricles
septum role
right and left heart division
atrioventricular valves location
divide ventricles and antria
right atrioventricular valve label
right-tricuspid
left atrioventricular valve label
left-bicuspid
chordae tendineaea role
heart valve support
semilunar valves location
divide heart and arteries
2 major arteries that leave right from heart
aorta and pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery goes to the _
lungs
pulmonary artery carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
deoxygenated
aorta carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
oxygenated
systole meaning in Greek
contraction
ventricle contraction another word
systole
ventricle relaxation another word
diastole
pulse definition
artery blood flow
sinoatrial node role
regulates heart pace
sinoatrial node location
right atrium, connected directly to medulla in brain
atrioventricular node role
atrium and ventricle movement synchronization
atrioventricular node location
right Atrium
systolic pressure definition
pressure in arteries during contraction
diastolic pressure definition
pressure in veins during relaxation
typical blood pressure
120/80
pulmonary circuit
circuit that has blood flow between heart and lung
pulmonary circuit comes from the right or left side of heart
right
systemic circuit
circuit that has blood flow between heart and body
vena cava is part of pulmonary or systemic circuit
pulmonary
largest vein in body
Vena Cava
blood flow pulmonary circuit from Vena Cava
vena cava -> right AV Valve -> right ventricle -> semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins
blood flow systemic circuit from pulmonary vein
pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left AV valve -> left ventricle -> semilunar valve -> aorta
bicuspid is left or right AV valve
left
tricuspid is left or right AV valve
right
largest vein and artery
Aorta and Vena Cava
word for brain artery and vein
Carotid
word for heart vein and artery
Coronary
word for lung vein and artery
Pulmonary
word for kidney vein and artery
Renal
word for liver vein and artery
Hepatic
word for legs vein and artery
Iliac
Atherosclerosis definition
cholesterol and fat accumulation in arteries
Arteriosclerosis definition
Calcification of cholesterol accumulation in arteries
Aneurysm definition
weak artery wall bursts
Coronary Thrombosis definition
coronary artery blood flow blocked due to blood clot
Erythrocytes definition
red blood cells
Leukocytes definition
white blood cells
plasma definition
liquid part of blood
Erythrocytes live about how long
4 months
T/F Erythrocytes have advanced nucleus
F, no nucleus
Where are Erythrocytes made?
bone marrow
Which cells are Erythrocytes made from
bone marrow
hemoglobin role in red blood cells
oxygen transport
Anemia definition
low concentration of Erythrocytes
Which blood cells, red or white, have a nucleus
white blood cells
White blood cell role
fight infections, immunity
neutrophil definition
type of white blood cell phagocytes that ingests foreign organisms
types of white blood cells
Neutrophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes
What percent of white blood cells are Neutrophils
60%
Lymphocyte definition
type of white blood cell that create antibodies targeted at foreign organisms
three types of Lymphocytes
T-Cells,B-Cells, NK-cells
what percent of white blood cells are lymphocytes
25%
MCH definition
major histocompatibility complex, surface molecule on cell
How do NK cells defend host
detect infected or tumor cells by MHC changes and kill them
2 types of T cells
Helper and Inflammatory
how do Helper T cells defend host
Help activate B cell to produce antibodies
how do Inflammatory T cells defend host
indicate infection location to neutrophils and macrophages
Where are helper T cells activated
Thymus Gland
B lymphocytes are white blood cells or red blood cells
white
Where are B lymphocytes formed?
bone marrow
Which cells activate B lymphocytes
T-Cells
how do B-cells defend host
antibody creation targeted at infection
What do B cells eventually become
memory B cells
What percent of white blood cells are Basophils
1%
What percent of white blood cells are Eosinophils
3%
What percent of white blood cells are Monocytes
8%
white blood cell development from stem cell
stem cell -> myeloblast -> specialized cells
Basophil role
release heparin and histamine, 1% of WBC
Eosinophil role
parasite and reactions to allergies, 3% of WBC
Monocyte role
waste and artifact removal after infection, 8% of WBC
Thrombocytes term in humans
platelets
site of thrombocyte production
bone marrow
thrombocytes help make blood _ to slow blood flow
thicker
thrombocytes are utilized by the body to _ _
clot blood
thrombocytes contain _, which stimulate tissue regeneration
growth factors
how are platelets and tissue cells used to create fibrin for blood clotting?
tissue cells and platelets -> prothrombin activator -> prothrombin releases Ca++ as it changed to thrombin -> fibrinogen -> fibrin
liquid component of blood
plasma
what percent of plasma is water?
92%
what percent of plasma is nutrients and gasses?
8%
3 plasma proteins
Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen
What is the role of Albumin plasma protein?
viscosity
What is the role of Globulin plasma protein?
antibodies
What is the role of Fibrinogen plasma protein?
clotting
What type of regulatory substances does plasma contain?
enzymes and hormones
T/F blood plasma has cellular wastes
T
Hematocrit definition
plasma to blood cells ratio
PCV acronym
Packed cell volume in blood
what is the PCV for men in general?
48%
what is the PCV for women in general?
38%
