Ch_35_Higher_Verterbrates Flashcards
1
Q
periods of the Mesozoic Era
A
Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous
2
Q
When was the Triassic period?
A
250 - 200 mya
3
Q
When was the Jurassic period?
A
200 - 145 mya
4
Q
When was the Cretaceous period?
A
145 - 65 mya
5
Q
Why are Reptilia the first animals to colonize land
A
shelled egg did not need to be in water
6
Q
How do Reptiles prevent losing water
A
scaled skin that are dry
7
Q
Since eggs are shelled, how are they fertilized?
A
internal
8
Q
Ectotherm definition
A
cold blooded
9
Q
Reptiles are warm blooded or cold blooded
A
cold blooded
10
Q
Some Reptiles _ in cold climates
A
hibernate
11
Q
Which class was the first flying vertebrates
A
Reptilia
12
Q
Four membranes of Amniotic egg
A
Chorion, Amnion, yolk sac, Allantois
13
Q
Chorion
A
outermost layer of Amniotic egg - gas exchange
14
Q
Amnion
A
second-most outer layer of Amniotic egg - surrounds embryo in fluid-cavity
15
Q
yolk sac
A
Amniotic egg layer that has food
16
Q
Allantois
A
layer of Amniotic egg that has excreted wastes
17
Q
Animals that are reptiles
A
snakes, turtles, tortoises, crocodiles, alligators, lizards, dinosaurs (debatable)
18
Q
T/F Dinosaurs descended from the first reptiles on land
A
T
19
Q
When did dinosaurs first appear?
A
Mesozoic Era
20
Q
Major reason proposed for dinosaur extinction
A
meteorite
21
Q
Why did some species of small reptiles survive the meteorite and cold winter?
A
hibernate in cold
22
Q
Why did various bird and mammals survive the meteorite?
A
warm blooded and small
23
Q
Lizards make up what percent of reptile species
A
50%
24
Q
Number of Lizard species
A
3,800
25
T/F Lizards are slow moving in general
F fast moving
26
T/F Lizards are most predators
T, with teeth and tongue often designed for predation
27
Lizards contain _ to camouflage
chromatophores
28
Lizards are able to live in which climates
tropical and temperate
29
Jesus Christ Lizard species
Fennel Lizards
30
Komodo Dragon another term
Monitor Lizard
31
Largest lizard
Komodo Dragon
32
Snakes are part of this class
Reptilia
33
number of snake species
3,000
34
Who did snakes evolve from?
lizards
35
How do Pit vipers detect body heat
heat sensing pit
36
Pit viper examples
Copperhead, Rattlesnake, Water Moccasin
37
How do Pit vipers penetrate poison into prey
collapsible fangs
38
What type of toxin does Pit viper venom have
Hemolytic toxin
39
Snake responsible for the number 1 bite in SC
Copperhead
40
How do California ground squirrels avoid Pit viper snake strikes
tail flagging and sand kicking
41
Another term for Cottonmouth
Water Moccasin
42
Why are Water Moccasins referred to as cottonmouths?
white mouth when open
43
T/F Fixed Fang snakes fangs are collapsible
F
44
Fixed Fang snake examples
Cobra and Coral
45
Types of enzyme in Fixed Fang snakes
Digestive and neurotoxin
46
Where are Fixed Fang snakes found
coast
47
Harmless snake that looks like Coral Snake
Milk snake
48
Poison Order of Copperhead, Rattlesnake, Coral Snake
Coral Snake > Diamondback > Copperhead
49
Red on yellow, deadly fellow; Red on black, venom black
Coral Snake vs Milk Snake
50
Largest poisonous snake
King Cobra
51
Largest snake that ever lived
Titanoboa
52
Titanoboa length and weight found
48 ft and 2,500 pounds
53
Number of turtle and tortoise species
250
54
Turtles live in _ environments and tortoises live in _ environments
aquatic, land
55
Both turtles and tortoises have _ to protect their bodies
shells
56
T/F turtles and tortoises have teeth
F, strong jaws but no teeth
57
Why are Marine turtles endangered?
habitat destruction, fishing nets, egg collection, egg and young predation, follow false lights, etc...
58
device on fishing nets that help turtles escape
TED - Turtle Exclusion Device
59
largest tortoise
Galapagos Tortoise
60
Number of crocodile and alligator species
22
61
Crocodile and alligators are ectotherms or warm-blooded
ectotherms
62
Number of chambers in crocodile and alligator hearts
4
63
Crocodile and alligator do this in winter
hibernate
64
T/F Crocodiles and alligators give birth and leave
F, have nests for young
65
Alligator have what over tympanum
nothing, no lobe
66
Alligator mouth is _, eye lid is _, teeth are _, and tympanum are _ compared to crocodiles
round, smooth, even, not lobed
67
Crocodile mouth is _, teeth have _, and tympanum are _ compared to alligators
pointed, significant overbite, lobed
68
Deinosuchus size
40 ft
69
Deinosuchus lived during this period
cretaceous, 145 - 66 mya
70
Class Aves common term
Bird
71
Ornithology definition
study of birds
72
What are birds believed to be evolved from
reptiles, possible velociraptors
73
oldest bird
Archaeopteryx
74
When did Archaeopteryx show up
100 mya in Jurassic
75
Phorusphacid
10-ft large meat-eating bird in South America that lived from 62 mya to 2 mya
76
Tall Aves have the following famous characteristics
lay eggs, nests, feathers
77
Like reptiles, bird fertilization is external or internal
internal
78
sexual dimorphism definition
different appearance by gender
79
T/F Aves tend to be dimorphic
T
80
structures on Bird feather
shaft, barbs, barbules, vane, quill
81
3 general types of Bird feathers
contour, down, flight
82
Flight feather description
located on tail/wings, extend beyond the body
83
Down feather description
used to trap body heat
84
Contour feather description
comes against the body same form
85
bird flight adaptations
feathers, small head and hollow bones, large breast muscles and sternum, blood cells with nucleus, endotherms for high metabolism, multiple lungs and large heart
86
bird bones do not have marrow, how are blood cells replaced
blood cell mitosis
87
Ratite definition
birds that do not fly
88
Smallest bird
Hummingbird
89
largest bird
Ostrich
90
2 famous traits of class Mammalia organisms
milk glands and hair
91
number of mammal reproductive processes
3
92
Monotremes are mammals that have this characteristic
lay eggs
93
Pouched Marsupials are mammals that have this characteristic
pouched
94
Most mammals reproduce with fetuses developing
internally with placenta
95
Duck-Billed Platypus is a mammal that is a _
monotreme
96
Duck-Billed Platypus is a transition organism from _ to _
reptile to mammal
97
Another egg-laying mammal besides Duckbilled Platypus
Spiny Anteater aka Echidna
98
Marsupials common term
Pouched Mammals
99
Where are most Marsupial species found
New Zealand and Australia
100
Disadvantage of Marsupial young
premature birth, not efficiently developed
101
Most of Marsupial young development happens in this location
pouch
102
Why are Opossum so successful though marsupial
large litter
103
Most successful mammal reproductive group
placentals
104
Number of placental species
4,500
105
why are placental mammals so successful
fetus develops quickly and large number of offspring
106
Mammals are endothermic or ectothermic
endothermic
107
What mammal glands emit oil
Sebaceous glands
108
Why do mammals emit oil
skin and hair protection
109
Why do mammals emit water from sweat glands
cool body
110
Mammal teeth types
canine, incisors, molars, premolars
111
Mammal brains are in general large or small
enlarged
112
largest animal
Blue Whale
113
T/F Mammals have generally few senses
F
114
What may have led to mammals having big brains
processing information from senses
115
Ungulate Order common term
hoofed mammals
116
Ungulates tend to be carnivores or herbivores
herbivores
117
Deer and Horses are examples of this order of mammals
Ungulates
118
Carnivora Order characteristics
canine teeth and predators
119
Cetaceans Order common term
marine mammals
120
Where do Cetaceans live?
oceans
121
Order Chiroptera common term
flying mammals
122
What are Chiroptera wings made of
2 skin layers between fingers
123
famous Chiroptera example
Bats
124
Chiroptera Greek meaning
hand wing
125
Rodent order characteristics
generally herbivores that gnaw with long incisors
126
Squirrels and Beavers are examples of this order
Rodent
127
Order Proboscidean common term
mammals with trunks
128
This order is the largest mammals on land
Proboscideans
129
Proboscideans tend to be herbivores or carnivores
herbivores
130
Order Lagomorpha description
jump very well with strong hind legs, similar to rodents
131
arboreal definition
living in trees
132
Primates characteristics
large brain, opposable thumb, arboreal
