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Bio 2 > Ch_34_Digestive_System > Flashcards

Ch_34_Digestive_System Flashcards

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1
Q

5 structures in oral cavity

A

tongue, palate, teeth, salivary glands, tonsils

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2
Q

types of teeth from front to back

A

incisors -> canine -> premolars -> molars

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3
Q

molars role

A

grinding/mashing

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4
Q

premolars role

A

ripping/mashing

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5
Q

canine role

A

ripping

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6
Q

incisors role

A

cutting

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7
Q

part of tooth that sticks out of gumline

A

crown

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8
Q

part of tooth that is below gumline

A

root

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9
Q

enamel tooth layer description

A

hard calcium

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10
Q

dentin tooth layer description

A

soft part underneath enamel

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11
Q

pulp tooth layer description

A

marrow, under denton

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12
Q

root canal layer description

A

blood vessel and nerve locations

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13
Q

hard palate role

A

food mashing

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14
Q

soft palate role

A

swallow assistance

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15
Q

tonsils role

A

immune system for toddlers

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16
Q

tongue roles besides taste

A

communication, temperature gauge, describing food

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17
Q

4 types of taste buds (ignoring new 5th one)

A

bitter, salt, sour, sweet

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18
Q

saliva is secreted from the _

A

salivary glands

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19
Q

enzyme released from salivary glands for digesting starch

A

amylase

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20
Q

the _ coats bolus to facilitate swallowing

A

salivary glands

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21
Q

largest salivary gland is the _

A

parotids

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22
Q

where are the parotid salivary glands located

A

cheeks

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23
Q

where are the sublingual salivary glands located

A

underneath tongue front

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24
Q

where are the submandibular salivary glands located

A

underneath tongue back

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25
Q

three stages of swallowing

A

voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal

26
Q

voluntary stage description

A

tongue transports bolus to back of mouth

27
Q

pharyngeal stage role

A

epiglottis closes trachea so that food goes to esophagus

28
Q

esophageal stage

A

bolus transported passed cardiac sphincter to stomach through peristalsis

29
Q

peristalsis description

A

involuntary smooth muscle contractions - used in digestive system for food transport

30
Q

rugae description

A

stomach lining folds - can stretch sensors

31
Q

Stomach mucosa layer description

A

stomach inner layer that has digestive enzymes

32
Q

chyme description

A

mixture of food and digestive enzymes in stomach

33
Q

submucosa layer description

A

middle layer of stomach with blood vessels

34
Q

pyloric sphincter description

A

sphincter that seperates stomach from small intestine

35
Q

serosa descrption

A

membrane that covers muscle layers in stomach

36
Q

what does the liver filter out of the blood?

A

ammonia and toxins

37
Q

what does the liver store?

A

glycogen and vitamin staroge

38
Q

what does the liver secrete and to where

A

bile to gall bladder

39
Q

bile role

A

breaks down fats into smaller peices in duodenum

40
Q

for what type of nutrients does the Pancreas secrete digestive enzymes

A

all types

41
Q

how does the pancreas neutralize stomach acids

A

secretes bicarbonate ions which change pH from 2 (stomach) to 9

42
Q

what does the pancreas secrete to regular blood sugar

A

insulin

43
Q

T/F nutrients are absorbed in small intestine

A

T

44
Q

small intestine length

A

21 ft

45
Q

small intestine diameter

A

1 inch

46
Q

3 sections of small intestine

A

Duodenum,Jejunum, Ileum

47
Q

Duodenum role

A

chemical release?

48
Q

Jejunum role

A

digestion with chemicals released from Duodenum

49
Q

Ileum role

A

absorb digested material from Jejunum

50
Q

Small Intestine lumen is lined with _

A

Villi

51
Q

what does a Villus contain

A

blood lymph vessels

52
Q

the small intestine uses facilitated or simple diffusion to absorb nutrients

A

both

53
Q

structure that wastes travel through from small to large intestine

A

Cecum

54
Q

large intestine main role

A

water absorption

55
Q

large intestine contain _ which creates some vitamins

A

bacteria

56
Q

six structures of large intestine from cecum to rectum

A

cecum -> ascending colon -> transverse colon -> descending colon -> sigmoid colon -> rectum

57
Q

cecum role

A

contains appendix and joins intestines

58
Q

ascending colon location

A

goes up abdomen

59
Q

transverse colon location

A

goes across abdomen

60
Q

descending colon location

A

goes down abdomen

61
Q

sigmoid colon location

A

curves and attaches to rectum

62
Q

rectum location

A

final location before anus

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