Ch_34_Digestive_System Flashcards
5 structures in oral cavity
tongue, palate, teeth, salivary glands, tonsils
types of teeth from front to back
incisors -> canine -> premolars -> molars
molars role
grinding/mashing
premolars role
ripping/mashing
canine role
ripping
incisors role
cutting
part of tooth that sticks out of gumline
crown
part of tooth that is below gumline
root
enamel tooth layer description
hard calcium
dentin tooth layer description
soft part underneath enamel
pulp tooth layer description
marrow, under denton
root canal layer description
blood vessel and nerve locations
hard palate role
food mashing
soft palate role
swallow assistance
tonsils role
immune system for toddlers
tongue roles besides taste
communication, temperature gauge, describing food
4 types of taste buds (ignoring new 5th one)
bitter, salt, sour, sweet
saliva is secreted from the _
salivary glands
enzyme released from salivary glands for digesting starch
amylase
the _ coats bolus to facilitate swallowing
salivary glands
largest salivary gland is the _
parotids
where are the parotid salivary glands located
cheeks
where are the sublingual salivary glands located
underneath tongue front
where are the submandibular salivary glands located
underneath tongue back
three stages of swallowing
voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal
voluntary stage description
tongue transports bolus to back of mouth
pharyngeal stage role
epiglottis closes trachea so that food goes to esophagus
esophageal stage
bolus transported passed cardiac sphincter to stomach through peristalsis
peristalsis description
involuntary smooth muscle contractions - used in digestive system for food transport
rugae description
stomach lining folds - can stretch sensors
Stomach mucosa layer description
stomach inner layer that has digestive enzymes
chyme description
mixture of food and digestive enzymes in stomach
submucosa layer description
middle layer of stomach with blood vessels
pyloric sphincter description
sphincter that seperates stomach from small intestine
serosa descrption
membrane that covers muscle layers in stomach
what does the liver filter out of the blood?
ammonia and toxins
what does the liver store?
glycogen and vitamin staroge
what does the liver secrete and to where
bile to gall bladder
bile role
breaks down fats into smaller peices in duodenum
for what type of nutrients does the Pancreas secrete digestive enzymes
all types
how does the pancreas neutralize stomach acids
secretes bicarbonate ions which change pH from 2 (stomach) to 9
what does the pancreas secrete to regular blood sugar
insulin
T/F nutrients are absorbed in small intestine
T
small intestine length
21 ft
small intestine diameter
1 inch
3 sections of small intestine
Duodenum,Jejunum, Ileum
Duodenum role
chemical release?
Jejunum role
digestion with chemicals released from Duodenum
Ileum role
absorb digested material from Jejunum
Small Intestine lumen is lined with _
Villi
what does a Villus contain
blood lymph vessels
the small intestine uses facilitated or simple diffusion to absorb nutrients
both
structure that wastes travel through from small to large intestine
Cecum
large intestine main role
water absorption
large intestine contain _ which creates some vitamins
bacteria
six structures of large intestine from cecum to rectum
cecum -> ascending colon -> transverse colon -> descending colon -> sigmoid colon -> rectum
cecum role
contains appendix and joins intestines
ascending colon location
goes up abdomen
transverse colon location
goes across abdomen
descending colon location
goes down abdomen
sigmoid colon location
curves and attaches to rectum
rectum location
final location before anus
