Ch_22_Fungi Flashcards
Mycology
The study of fungi
Number of Fungi Species
80,000
Are yeasts unicellular or multicellular
unicellular
Do Fungi photosynthesize
no
What are Fungi cell walls made of
chitin
How do Fungi store energy
glycogen
How do fungi obtain nutrition
secrete digestive enzymes, molecules brokendown and absorbed
Saprotrophic decomposers
break down wastes/remains of plants/animals
Most fungi are _ decomposers
saprotrophic
mycelium
whole fungus
_ grow from spores and form the mycelium
hyphae filaments
Fairy Ring
fungal mycelia growing outward in a circle
cell wall partitions
septa
septa
cell wall partitions
nonseptate fungi
lack septa in hyphae
how do cytoplasm and organelles pass in septate fungi cytoplasm
pores
in fungus reproduction, a specific portion of the _ becomes a reproductive structure supported by rest of mycelium
mycelium
This Fungus Phylum has flagellated spores
Chytridiomycota
Another word for Phylum Chytridiomycota
water molds
May resemble first fungi to have evolved
Chytridiomycota
Aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores
Chytrids
Most Chytrids are a, but some are b
decomposers, parasitic
linked to the decline of frog populations
Chytridiomycota
Rhizopus
common bread mold, belongs to phylum Zygomycota
Does Rhizopus produce asexual or sexual spores
both
Prudoced as Zygomycota fungus begins to grow and spread
asexual sporangia
_spores form as food is depleted
Zygo
How is a Zygomycota zygote formed
hyphae from different strains (+ & -) fuse
Zygomycota spores are covered with _ for protection
protein
how long can the Zygomocata spores live for
months
Dung Mold
Pilobolus
Pilobolus Phylum
Zygomycota
Cow won’t eat grass near dung, how does Pilobolus get cows to eat spores
spore cap on water sac grows, water heats up and shoots out spore
Ring of Repugnance
area of grass where cows won’t eat
Phylum Ascomycota
the sac fungi
Morel Phylum
Ascomycota
Yeasts Phylum
Ascomycota
Penicillum Phylum
Ascomycota
Peziza Phylum
Ascomycota
Contain 75% of known fungi species
Asycomycota
Ascocarp
structure on Ascomycota species that holds asci sacs and associated ascospore
Where do sexual ascospores form in Ascomycota species
asci sacs
Asexual reproduction in Ascomycota species
asexual conidiospores form in conidia
conidia
pod-like structures supported by conidiophores
where are conidiophores found
end of hyphae filaments
when was Penicillin discovered
1928
Who discovered Penicillin
Alexander Fleming
how does Penicillin work as an antibiotic
digestive enzymes kill/deter bacterial growth
Fungus Roquefort blue cheese is made from
Penicillium roquefortii
Truffle grow underground on plant roots, how do they disperse spores
emit smell that attracts animals to ingest and spread them
Truffle Phylum
Ascomycota
How do yeast reproduce asexually
budding
How do yeast reproduce sexually
cell fusion and karyogamy in ascus
yeast ferment _ to produce alcohol and CO2
sugars
human uses for yeast
brewing, baking
all yeast are not parasitic T/F
F
Cause of yeast infections in adult males/females
Candida
Ascomycota genus that causes Toenail Fungus
Trichophyton
Ascomycota species that causes Foot Fungus
Trichophyton rubrum
Lichen
mutualism between ascomycota fungi and green algea/cyanobacteria
What does Fungi receive from algae in Lichen
sugars
What does Algae receive form Fungi in lichen
water and nutrients
Lichens can live in adverse conditions T/F
T
Lichens are robust to air pollution
F
Soredia
little sacs emitted from lichens that contain fungal hyphae and at least one algal cell
The Club Fungi
Phylum Basidiomycota
Mushroom Phylum
Basidiomycota
Shelf fungi Phylum
Basidiomycota
Puffball Phylum
Basidiomycota
_ consist of gill/pores cap with a stem
mushrooms
Mushroom spores produced on the _ on the gills
basidia
Spores on mushrooms produced on basidia by _
meiosis
Where do mushroom spores fuse
in the soil
Are mushroom spores haploid or diploid
haploid
Amanita mushrooms are toxic T/F
T
Psilocybes can cause _
hallucinations
When puffball fungus puff spores
wind gusts or animal movements
where do spores puff from on puffball fungus
fruiting bodies
Phylum Glomeromycota main trait
asexual plant symbionts
Glomeromycota are _ _ _
obligate mutualistic symbiosis
Where do Glomeromycota grow
tips of tree roots
What percent of plant families found to have relationship with Glomeromycota
90
Plants gain _ from glomeromycota
nutrients from soil
glomeromycota receive _ from plant root
sugar
glomeromycotae necessary when transplanting trees T/F
T
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae phylum
Glomeromycota
_% of known plant species have relationship with Arbascular mycorrhizae
70
Arbascular mycorrhizae hyphae _ plant root cells and _ into the soil
penetrate, extend
Arbascular mycorrhizae charecterstics
aseptate, asexual reproduction, enable plants to colonize land
This Glomeromycota genus is found in many species of forest trees
Ectomycorrhiza
tree examples with Ectomycorrhiza
Pine, Oak, Willow, and Birch
Ectomycorrhiza hyphae _ and _ penetrate the plant root
surrond, do not