Ch_34_Invertebrates_Part_2 Flashcards
classes of Phylum Mollusca
Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda
Bivalvia common animals
clams, scallops, oysters
Gastropoda common animals
snails, slugs
Cephalopoda common animals
octopus, squid
pod Greek meaning
foot
Gastro Greek meaning
stomach
Cephalo Greek meaning
head
Number of Mollusk species
more than 100,000
Molluska Greek meaning
soft body
What secretes shell on Mollusks
mantle
Mollusk shell is mostly made of
calcium carbonate
Three parts of mollusk body
foot, mantle, visceral mass
What are Radula used for
Mollusk grazing
What does Radula look like on snail
tongue
unique trait about many Mollusk blood
blue bood due to hemocyanin
What metal do Mollusks have in blood instead of hemoglobin
copper
Different forms of Mollusk larvae
Veliger and Trocopher
Mollusk larvae are _ swimming
free swimming
Valvia Greek term
shell
Bivalvia are in general _
shellfish
What part of Bivalvia secretes 2 shells
mantle
What muscles or Bivalvia keep 2 shells closed and hinged
abductor muscles
What do Bivalvia use muscular foot for and where is it located
burrowing, anterior
How do Bivalvia get oxygen
water with gills
Bivalvia are known as _ feeders
filter feeders
How do Bivalvia circulate water
siphons
Bivalvia food gathered with _
gill mucous
T/F Mussels are found in both freshwater and saltwater habitats
T
Mussel shells are more _ than other clams
elongated
Mussels do not have anterior foot, how do they attach to intertidal structure?
mantle secretes byssal threads
How much do invasive Zebra mussels cost US yearly
billions of dollars
Damage caused by Zebra mussels
attach to hard surfaces such as boat motors which damage equipment, and clog water intakes
This mussel specials covers native mussels
Zebra mussels
When did Zebra mussels come from and when
Europe 1980s
How were Zebra mussels brought over
foreign ships ballast water
Where are Giant Clams native to
South Pacific
How much do Giant Clams weigh
more than 200 lbs
How many feet across can a Giant Clam be
4 ft
Giant Clam average lifespan
100 years
Goeduck average length
7 inches
Goeduck number of siphons
1-3
How do Scallops swim
large abductor
Unlike stationary clams, scallops can _
move
Scallops possess basic _
eyes - including retina and lens
Outer layer for Bivalves
periostracum
What is Periostracum made out of
protein
Prismatic definition
thickest layer of Bivalve shell, occurs in middle, made of CaCO3
Nacreous layer
inner layer of Bivalve shell, makes pearl
Where are pearls formed in Bivalve?
inbetween the mantle and nacreous
Largest class of mollusks
Gastropoda
univalve definition
shell only has one side
snail shell characteristics
coiled and univalve
how do slugs defend themselves?
secrete poison
What do slugs use for plant grazing
radula
Gastropoda torsion
anus and mouth in same area because digestive tract torses around inside
Gastropoda torsion advantages
can pull head and anus up quickly simultaneously, gills up front
T/F Gastropods are hermaphroditic
T
What is the cloaca on Gastropods?
opening used for excretion and sex cells
most advanced invertebrates and largest
Cephalopods
Cephalopod examples
Nautilus, Squid, Octopus
Are squids or octupuses fast open ocean predators
squid
Squids or octopuses are benthic feeders
octopuses
Both squids and octopuses have _ and _ to obtain food
suckers, tentacles
How do Cephalopods move
water jet propulsion
What do Cephalopods use to secrete ink
ink gland
What do Cephalopods use Chromatophores for
camouflage
What is the internal shell of Cephalopods called
pen
What is Cephalopod pen made of
dense protein
Earths largest invertebrate
Giant Squid
Annelid meaning in Latin
little rings
Phylum Annelida common term
Segmented Worms
What do Cephalopods bite with
biting beak and radula
Annelid bodys are _ and _
segmented and coelomate
What type of body support do Annelids have?
hydrostatic aka water
Nephredia description
structures in each segment of Annelids used to filter waste
2 muscle layers of Annelida
circular and long
What assists Annelida in movement
seta
T/F Annelida circulator system is primitive
F, it is well developed
Number of Annelida hearts
5
Where are Annelida hearts located
around esophagus
What are Annelida hearts also known as
aortic arches
Annelids have hemoglobin or hemocyanin in blood for oxygen transport?
hemoglobin
Classes of Annelids
Polycheata, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea
Polychaeta common term
Marine Worms
Oligochaeta common term
Earth Worms
Hirudinea common term
Leeches
Clam Worms belong to this class
Polychaeta
Clam Worms use _ for respiration and movement
parapodia, or bundles of seta
Clam Worms are predatory and have _ jaws
biting
Featherduster Worms class
Polychaeta
Featherduster Worms are land or marine
marine
Featherduster Worms are what type of feeder
suspension feeder
What are around Featherduster worms mouth?
feather-like radioles, which are ciliated and mucuous coated
Where do Featheduster Worms live in
tube burrows
Earthworms class
Oligochaete
Why do Earthworms live in soil
need moisture for respiration
What structure is used for Earthworm locomotion
setae
T/F Earthworms have a developed digestive system
T
Earthworms digestive system structures
Pharynik, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine
typhlosole
folds or Earthworm intestine
Earthworms have different genders or are hermaphroditic
hermaphroditic
earthworms have what male structures
sperm ducts, testes, seminal vesicles
female earthworms have what female structures
seminal receptacles, oviducts, ovaries
Earthworm Clitellum use
mucous secretion for sperm and egg protection
Leeches belong to this class
Hirudnea
Where do leeches live
moist and warm habitats
How do leeches move without setae
2 suckers
Leeches have this tongue-like structure found on Snails and slugs
radula
What is special about leech salivary glands?
anesthetic and anticoagulant
What are used for limb reattachments
leeches
Arthro Greek meaning
jointed
Phlyum Arthropoda common term
Joint-Legged Animals
Most successful animal group by almost any outlook
Anthropods
What is the Anthoropod exoskeleton made out of
chitin
Arthropod segmentation is similar to Annelids and indicates a(n) _
Annelid ancestor
Arthropod metamorphosis stages
eggs -> larva -> pupa -> adult
The caterpillar is what Anthropod metamorphosis stage
larva
The pupa is an Arthropod transition between larva and _
adult
What is the advatage of Arthropod metamorphosis
different stages do not have food competition
Which stage of Arthropods is the reproductive stage
adult
Arthropoda sub-phyla
Chelicerata, Crustaceae, Uniramia
Subphylum Chelicerata common term
jawless Arthropods
Subphylum Crustaceaea common term
sea insects
Subphylum Uniramia common term
land insects
Chelicerata examplse
mites, spiders, ticks, scorpions
Instead of jaw, Chelicerata have
fangs, sucking mouth, chelicera
Without chewing mouth, how do CHelicerata eat?
emit poision which has neourotoxin and uses digestive enzymes
What does Chelicerata Cephalothorax contain
8 legs and obdomen
Chelicerata see with _
multiple eyes
Chelicerata eyes are simple or advanced
simple
Why do Chelicerata create webs
catch prey
Chelicerata do not have antennae, they sense with
specialized hair sensors
Brown Recluse subphylum
Chelicerata
Brown Recluse venom is a type of what enzyme
strong digestive
Where is the Brown Recluse fiddle located
cephalothorax
Where are Brown Recluse found in human areas
dark areas such as garages, old clothing, cardboard boxes
Ticks belong to which subphylum
Chelicerata
Ticks are vectors for these 2 diseases
Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever, Lyme Disease
Scorpion subphylum
Chelicerata
Scorpions sting is _
poisonous
How are Scorpions a transition organism
link between land and marine organisms
This species is believed to be the first land Arthropod
scorpion
Mites subphylum
Chelicerates
Mites are macroscopic or microscopic
microscopic
Mites body structure
abdomen and 8 legs with cephalothorax
Chiggers and Dustmites are members of _
Chelicerata
What does a Chigger use the chelicerae for
make hole in hosts skin
What does Chigger inject into wound from chelicerae
saliva and enzymes, break down cells
Stylostome description
hard straw-like tube in tissue caused by Chigger salivary secretions
A long stylostome indicates the chigger fed for a long or short period of time
long
Why are chigger bites itchy?
allergic reactions to saliva
Horseshoe Crab subphylum
Chelicerata
Limulus common term
Horseshoe crab
T/F Horseshoe crab have a chewing jaw
F
T/F One male Horseshoe mates with one female Horseshoe crab
F multiple males mate with female at shoreline
When and where do Horseshoe crabs mate?
full moon in spring, along-shore at high-tide
Horseshoe crab blood is used to enrich _, which assists with _
agar, pathogen growth
