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Bio 2 > Ch_35_Lower_Vertebrates > Flashcards

Ch_35_Lower_Vertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

4 traits of Phylum Chordata

A

Tubular nerve cord, posterior anal tail, pharyngeal gill pouches, notochord

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2
Q

Phylum Chordata has a _ nerve cord

A

tubular

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3
Q

The Chordata nerve cord receives support from the _

A

notochord

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4
Q

Where is the tail on Chordata

A

posterior anal region

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5
Q

The Chordata has this type of gill pouches

A

Pharyngeal gill pouches

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6
Q

Subphylum Urochordata common term

A

Sea Squirt

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7
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata common term

A

Lancelet

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8
Q

Subphylum Vertebrata common term

A

Vertebrates

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9
Q

Subphylums of Phylum Chordata

A

Cephalochordata, Urochordata, Vertebrata

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10
Q

subphylum Urochordata phylum

A

Chordata

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11
Q

subphylum Vertebrata phylum

A

Chordata

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12
Q

subphylum Cephalochordata phylum

A

Chordata

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13
Q

What are Urochordata or Sea Squirts also known as

A

Tunicates

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14
Q

Why are Urochordata referred to as Tunicates?

A

have thick cellulose cover - aka a tunic

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15
Q

Why are Urochordata referred to as Sea Squirts?

A

squirt water out and filter feed

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16
Q

Urochordata adults lack _ characteristics that larvae have

A

chordate

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17
Q

Urochordata Larva undergo _ to become adult

A

metamorphosis

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18
Q

Urochordata are invertebrates or vertebrates?

A

invertebrates

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19
Q

subphylum Cephalochordata common term

A

lancelet

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20
Q

How do Cephalochordata bodies look like a lancelet?

A

body shape

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21
Q

Why are Cephalochordata able to swim side to side?

A

have segmented muscle

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22
Q

Why do Cephalochordata have limiting mobility?

A

the notochord is attached to the muscle

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23
Q

What do Cephalochordata use to filter feed?

A

cilia and gill slits

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24
Q

How do Cephalochordata breathe if gills used for feeding?

A

absorb oxygen through skin

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25
Q

Number of Subphylum Vertebrata species

A

44,000

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26
Q

Number or Subphylum Vertebrata fish species

A

34,000

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27
Q

Vertebrata fish classes

A

Acanthodii/Ostracoderms, Actinopterygii, Cephalaspidomorphi, Chondrichthyes, Myxini, Placodermi, Sarcopterygii

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28
Q

Instead of a notochord, vertebrate have a

A

vertebral column

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29
Q

Vertebrata have an endo or exoskeleton

A

endoskeleton

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30
Q

T/F Vertebrata skeleton has skull for brain protection

A

T

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31
Q

What do Vertebrata use for gas exchange?

A

lungs or gills

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32
Q

T/F Vertebrata perform asexual reproduction

A

F

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33
Q

T/F Vertebrata are generally hermaphroditic

A

F, separate genders

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34
Q

Ostracoderms are part of this subphylum

A

Vertebrata

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35
Q

Ichthyology definition

A

study of fishes

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36
Q

Ostracoderm common word

A

earliest fish

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37
Q

When do Ostracoderms first appear

A

Cambrian Period

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38
Q

T/F Ostracoderms are finless and jawless

A

T

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39
Q

How do Ostracoderms defend themselves without jaws?

A

defensive head shields

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40
Q

What type of feeders are Ostracoderms?

A

filter feeders

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41
Q

How do Ostracoderms move water through gills for respiration

A

muscular action

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42
Q

class Cephalaspidomorphi common term

A

Lamprey Eel

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43
Q

class Myxini common term

A

Hagfish

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44
Q

class Placodermi common term

A

Placoderms

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45
Q

class Chondrichthyes common term

A

Rays and Sharks

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46
Q

class Actinopterygii common term

A

Ray Finned Fishes

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47
Q

class Sarcopterygii common term

A

Lobe Finned Fishes

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48
Q

class Amphibia common term

A

Frogs and salamanders

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49
Q

class Reptilia common term

A

Reptiles

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50
Q

Reptiles were the first organisms that eggs with a _

A

shell

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51
Q

class Aves common term

A

Birds

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52
Q

class Mammalia common term

A

Mammals

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53
Q

Lamprey Eels class name

A

Cephalaspidomorphi

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54
Q

Lamprey larvae are similar to subphylum _

A

Cephalochordata

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55
Q

What type of fins do Lampreys have?

A

caudal and dorsal

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56
Q

T/F Lamprey Eels have vertebrae with cartilage support

A

T

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57
Q

T/F Lamprey Eels have spiracle and gill slits

A

T

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58
Q

What type of habitat do Cephalaspidomorphs live in?

A

Benthic

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59
Q

Who do Sea Lamprey parasitize and where?

A

Salmon in the Great Lakes

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60
Q

Hagfish class name

A

Myxini

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61
Q

What type of feeders are Hagfish?

A

benthic scavengers

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62
Q

T/F Hagfish see well

A

F

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63
Q

How do Hagfish navigate if see poorly?

A

oral feelers

64
Q

T/F Hagfish are hermaphrodites when born

A

T

65
Q

T/F Hagfish can change gender

A

T

66
Q

How do Hagfish defend themselves

A

secrete slime

67
Q

Placoderm class

A

Placodermi

68
Q

Placoderms were the first fish with what characteristics?

A

paired pectoral and pelvic fins, biting jaws

69
Q

T/F Placoderms grew to large sizes

A

T

70
Q

T/F Placoderms have armored thick scales for protection

A

T

71
Q

Dunkleosteus belongs to this class

A

Placodermi

72
Q

Why are Placodermi extinct?

A

Sharks were more agile, preyed upon eggs and young

73
Q

Sharks and Rays class

A

Chondrichthyes

74
Q

4 examples of Cartilaginous Chondrichthyes

A

Chimaeras,sharks,skates,rays

75
Q

On Shark caudal fins there is a _

A

large upper lobe

76
Q

Shark mouth is ventral or dorsal

A

ventral

77
Q

Shark dermal denticles definition

A

embedded sharp scales in skin

78
Q

Shark spiracles and gill slits role

A

respiration

79
Q

Why do Sharks have large liver

A

produces oil

80
Q

Why do Shark livers produce oil

A

buoyancy

81
Q

Shark lateral lines role

A

balance and sense prey

82
Q

Shark spiral intestine is reduced or enlarged

A

reduced

83
Q

Shark olfactory bulb is reduced or enlarged

A

enlarged

84
Q

T/F Most sharks have external fertilization

A

F, internal

85
Q

T/F Sharks produce relatively small numbers of offspring

A

T

86
Q

T/F Female sharks have claspers

A

F, male sharks do

87
Q

Why were sharks hunted?

A

fins, oil, cartilage

88
Q

Which shark is the largest

A

Whale Shark

89
Q

What is the largest predator that is a fish

A

Great White Shark

90
Q

Ray pectoral fins are small or large

A

large

91
Q

T/F Rays feed on the bottom

A

T

92
Q

What is the largest ray

A

Manta Ray

93
Q

This ray has a venomous stinger

A

Sting Ray

94
Q

Rays have structures that are able to _ scallops

A

simulate

95
Q

Rays have small or large pectoral fins

A

large

96
Q

Chimaera known as _

A

Ratfish

97
Q

Why are Chimaera known as Ratfish

A

long tail

98
Q

Where do Chimaera feed

A

deep bottom

99
Q

What is interesting about the Chimaera spots?

A

bioluminescent

100
Q

Chimaera is known as a transition organism from Cartilage fish to _

A

bony fish

101
Q

What covers Chimaera gills

A

structure similar to Operculum

102
Q

Chimaera have a structure that resembles a _ ray

A

Dorsal ray

103
Q

Chimaera pectoral fins are fleshy or hard

A

fleshy

104
Q

Ray Fin class

A

Actinopterygii

105
Q

Number of Actinopterygii species

A

30,000

106
Q

What percent of fish are Ray Finned fishes?

A

96%

107
Q

Actinopterygii have _ instead of slits to protect gills

A

operculum

108
Q

5 types of fins on Actinopterygii

A

pectoral, pelvic, anal, caudal, dorsal

109
Q

What type of scales do Ray Finned fishes have

A

loosely plated and flat

110
Q

Similar to Chrondicthyes, Actinopterygii have a _ for balance and detecting vibrations

A

lateral line system

111
Q

How does gas enter swim bladder of Ray Finned fishes?

A

removed from blood into gas gland

112
Q

Where does the gas gland of Actinopterygii release gas to

A

swim bladder

113
Q

What is the name of the muscular valve that releases gas from the swim bladder

A

oval body

114
Q

This organ on Actinopterygii is used to make it buoyant

A

swim bladder

115
Q

2 species of Ray Fins that can move out of water

A

Walking Catfish, Mud Skipper

116
Q

Sea Horse belong to the class _

A

Actinopterygii

117
Q

Seal Horse male or female gives birth

A

male

118
Q

Lobe Finned Fishes class

A

Sarcopterygii

119
Q

Lungfish belong are a type of _

A

Lobe Finned fish

120
Q

Why do Lungfish have air sacs?

A

store air from above water

121
Q

This fish may have leg precursors

A

Coelacanth

122
Q

Coelacanth belong to this group

A

Lobe Fin fish

123
Q

Coelacant may be a transition organism between _ and _

A

amphibians, fish

124
Q

Frogs and Salamanders class

A

Amphibia

125
Q

Herpetology studies

A

reptiles and amphibians

126
Q

lobe-fin fishes evolved into _pods

A

tetrapods

127
Q

How do Amphibians breath

A

through skin

128
Q

What species did Amphibians probably evolve from?

A

lobe-fin fishes

129
Q

T/F Amphibians can reproduce without water

A

F

130
Q

T/F Amphibian body does not change form throughout life

A

F

131
Q

Are Amphibians ectotherms or endotherms?

A

Ectotherm

132
Q

How many chambers does the Amphibian heart have?

A

3

133
Q

3 orders in Amphibia

A

Caudata, Apoda, Anura

134
Q

Salamanders order

A

Caudata

135
Q

Caecilians order

A

Apoda

136
Q

Frogs and Toads order

A

Anura

137
Q

What is unique about Caudata tail amongst Amphibia

A

it is long

138
Q

Which order was the first Amphibians

A

Caudata i.e. Salamanders

139
Q

T/F salamanders walk in a straight line

A

F, side to side

140
Q

T/F salamanders retain larval characteristics

A

T, known as paedogenesis

141
Q

How do female salamanders attract males?

A

through emitting strong scent

142
Q

What is the State Amphibian for SC

A

Yellow Spotted Salamander

143
Q

What is unique amongst order Anura tails for class Amphibia

A

there is no tail

144
Q

This order is the most advanced Amphibians

A

Anura

145
Q

Anura hear with this structure

A

Tympana

146
Q

How do Anura escape from predators

A

can jump high

147
Q

How do Anura males attract females?

A

sing

148
Q

T/F Frog gonads are internal

A

T

149
Q

How does male Frog get female eggs to fertilize

A

squeezed out of female cloaca by male

150
Q

Frog eggs must stay _ and are covered in _

A

moist, jelly

151
Q

Toad skin has _

A

glands

152
Q

What is unique about order Apoda amongst Amphibians

A

no legs

153
Q

T/F Apoda have dry skin

A

F

154
Q

T/F Apoda have no scales

A

F

155
Q

Where do Apoda live

A

tropical locations under leaves

156
Q

What do Apoda eat?

A

insects and worms

157
Q

How are Apoda almost blind

A

covered eyes

Bio 2 (17 decks)

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