Ch_35_Lower_Vertebrates Flashcards
1
Q
4 traits of Phylum Chordata
A
Tubular nerve cord, posterior anal tail, pharyngeal gill pouches, notochord
2
Q
Phylum Chordata has a _ nerve cord
A
tubular
3
Q
The Chordata nerve cord receives support from the _
A
notochord
4
Q
Where is the tail on Chordata
A
posterior anal region
5
Q
The Chordata has this type of gill pouches
A
Pharyngeal gill pouches
6
Q
Subphylum Urochordata common term
A
Sea Squirt
7
Q
Subphylum Cephalochordata common term
A
Lancelet
8
Q
Subphylum Vertebrata common term
A
Vertebrates
9
Q
Subphylums of Phylum Chordata
A
Cephalochordata, Urochordata, Vertebrata
10
Q
subphylum Urochordata phylum
A
Chordata
11
Q
subphylum Vertebrata phylum
A
Chordata
12
Q
subphylum Cephalochordata phylum
A
Chordata
13
Q
What are Urochordata or Sea Squirts also known as
A
Tunicates
14
Q
Why are Urochordata referred to as Tunicates?
A
have thick cellulose cover - aka a tunic
15
Q
Why are Urochordata referred to as Sea Squirts?
A
squirt water out and filter feed
16
Q
Urochordata adults lack _ characteristics that larvae have
A
chordate
17
Q
Urochordata Larva undergo _ to become adult
A
metamorphosis
18
Q
Urochordata are invertebrates or vertebrates?
A
invertebrates
19
Q
subphylum Cephalochordata common term
A
lancelet
20
Q
How do Cephalochordata bodies look like a lancelet?
A
body shape
21
Q
Why are Cephalochordata able to swim side to side?
A
have segmented muscle
22
Q
Why do Cephalochordata have limiting mobility?
A
the notochord is attached to the muscle
23
Q
What do Cephalochordata use to filter feed?
A
cilia and gill slits
24
Q
How do Cephalochordata breathe if gills used for feeding?
A
absorb oxygen through skin
25
Number of Subphylum Vertebrata species
44,000
26
Number or Subphylum Vertebrata fish species
34,000
27
Vertebrata fish classes
Acanthodii/Ostracoderms, Actinopterygii, Cephalaspidomorphi, Chondrichthyes, Myxini, Placodermi, Sarcopterygii
28
Instead of a notochord, vertebrate have a
vertebral column
29
Vertebrata have an endo or exoskeleton
endoskeleton
30
T/F Vertebrata skeleton has skull for brain protection
T
31
What do Vertebrata use for gas exchange?
lungs or gills
32
T/F Vertebrata perform asexual reproduction
F
33
T/F Vertebrata are generally hermaphroditic
F, separate genders
34
Ostracoderms are part of this subphylum
Vertebrata
35
Ichthyology definition
study of fishes
36
Ostracoderm common word
earliest fish
37
When do Ostracoderms first appear
Cambrian Period
38
T/F Ostracoderms are finless and jawless
T
39
How do Ostracoderms defend themselves without jaws?
defensive head shields
40
What type of feeders are Ostracoderms?
filter feeders
41
How do Ostracoderms move water through gills for respiration
muscular action
42
class Cephalaspidomorphi common term
Lamprey Eel
43
class Myxini common term
Hagfish
44
class Placodermi common term
Placoderms
45
class Chondrichthyes common term
Rays and Sharks
46
class Actinopterygii common term
Ray Finned Fishes
47
class Sarcopterygii common term
Lobe Finned Fishes
48
class Amphibia common term
Frogs and salamanders
49
class Reptilia common term
Reptiles
50
Reptiles were the first organisms that eggs with a _
shell
51
class Aves common term
Birds
52
class Mammalia common term
Mammals
53
Lamprey Eels class name
Cephalaspidomorphi
54
Lamprey larvae are similar to subphylum _
Cephalochordata
55
What type of fins do Lampreys have?
caudal and dorsal
56
T/F Lamprey Eels have vertebrae with cartilage support
T
57
T/F Lamprey Eels have spiracle and gill slits
T
58
What type of habitat do Cephalaspidomorphs live in?
Benthic
59
Who do Sea Lamprey parasitize and where?
Salmon in the Great Lakes
60
Hagfish class name
Myxini
61
What type of feeders are Hagfish?
benthic scavengers
62
T/F Hagfish see well
F
63
How do Hagfish navigate if see poorly?
oral feelers
64
T/F Hagfish are hermaphrodites when born
T
65
T/F Hagfish can change gender
T
66
How do Hagfish defend themselves
secrete slime
67
Placoderm class
Placodermi
68
Placoderms were the first fish with what characteristics?
paired pectoral and pelvic fins, biting jaws
69
T/F Placoderms grew to large sizes
T
70
T/F Placoderms have armored thick scales for protection
T
71
Dunkleosteus belongs to this class
Placodermi
72
Why are Placodermi extinct?
Sharks were more agile, preyed upon eggs and young
73
Sharks and Rays class
Chondrichthyes
74
4 examples of Cartilaginous Chondrichthyes
Chimaeras,sharks,skates,rays
75
On Shark caudal fins there is a _
large upper lobe
76
Shark mouth is ventral or dorsal
ventral
77
Shark dermal denticles definition
embedded sharp scales in skin
78
Shark spiracles and gill slits role
respiration
79
Why do Sharks have large liver
produces oil
80
Why do Shark livers produce oil
buoyancy
81
Shark lateral lines role
balance and sense prey
82
Shark spiral intestine is reduced or enlarged
reduced
83
Shark olfactory bulb is reduced or enlarged
enlarged
84
T/F Most sharks have external fertilization
F, internal
85
T/F Sharks produce relatively small numbers of offspring
T
86
T/F Female sharks have claspers
F, male sharks do
87
Why were sharks hunted?
fins, oil, cartilage
88
Which shark is the largest
Whale Shark
89
What is the largest predator that is a fish
Great White Shark
90
Ray pectoral fins are small or large
large
91
T/F Rays feed on the bottom
T
92
What is the largest ray
Manta Ray
93
This ray has a venomous stinger
Sting Ray
94
Rays have structures that are able to _ scallops
simulate
95
Rays have small or large pectoral fins
large
96
Chimaera known as _
Ratfish
97
Why are Chimaera known as Ratfish
long tail
98
Where do Chimaera feed
deep bottom
99
What is interesting about the Chimaera spots?
bioluminescent
100
Chimaera is known as a transition organism from Cartilage fish to _
bony fish
101
What covers Chimaera gills
structure similar to Operculum
102
Chimaera have a structure that resembles a _ ray
Dorsal ray
103
Chimaera pectoral fins are fleshy or hard
fleshy
104
Ray Fin class
Actinopterygii
105
Number of Actinopterygii species
30,000
106
What percent of fish are Ray Finned fishes?
96%
107
Actinopterygii have _ instead of slits to protect gills
operculum
108
5 types of fins on Actinopterygii
pectoral, pelvic, anal, caudal, dorsal
109
What type of scales do Ray Finned fishes have
loosely plated and flat
110
Similar to Chrondicthyes, Actinopterygii have a _ for balance and detecting vibrations
lateral line system
111
How does gas enter swim bladder of Ray Finned fishes?
removed from blood into gas gland
112
Where does the gas gland of Actinopterygii release gas to
swim bladder
113
What is the name of the muscular valve that releases gas from the swim bladder
oval body
114
This organ on Actinopterygii is used to make it buoyant
swim bladder
115
2 species of Ray Fins that can move out of water
Walking Catfish, Mud Skipper
116
Sea Horse belong to the class _
Actinopterygii
117
Seal Horse male or female gives birth
male
118
Lobe Finned Fishes class
Sarcopterygii
119
Lungfish belong are a type of _
Lobe Finned fish
120
Why do Lungfish have air sacs?
store air from above water
121
This fish may have leg precursors
Coelacanth
122
Coelacanth belong to this group
Lobe Fin fish
123
Coelacant may be a transition organism between _ and _
amphibians, fish
124
Frogs and Salamanders class
Amphibia
125
Herpetology studies
reptiles and amphibians
126
lobe-fin fishes evolved into _pods
tetrapods
127
How do Amphibians breath
through skin
128
What species did Amphibians probably evolve from?
lobe-fin fishes
129
T/F Amphibians can reproduce without water
F
130
T/F Amphibian body does not change form throughout life
F
131
Are Amphibians ectotherms or endotherms?
Ectotherm
132
How many chambers does the Amphibian heart have?
3
133
3 orders in Amphibia
Caudata, Apoda, Anura
134
Salamanders order
Caudata
135
Caecilians order
Apoda
136
Frogs and Toads order
Anura
137
What is unique about Caudata tail amongst Amphibia
it is long
138
Which order was the first Amphibians
Caudata i.e. Salamanders
139
T/F salamanders walk in a straight line
F, side to side
140
T/F salamanders retain larval characteristics
T, known as paedogenesis
141
How do female salamanders attract males?
through emitting strong scent
142
What is the State Amphibian for SC
Yellow Spotted Salamander
143
What is unique amongst order Anura tails for class Amphibia
there is no tail
144
This order is the most advanced Amphibians
Anura
145
Anura hear with this structure
Tympana
146
How do Anura escape from predators
can jump high
147
How do Anura males attract females?
sing
148
T/F Frog gonads are internal
T
149
How does male Frog get female eggs to fertilize
squeezed out of female cloaca by male
150
Frog eggs must stay _ and are covered in _
moist, jelly
151
Toad skin has _
glands
152
What is unique about order Apoda amongst Amphibians
no legs
153
T/F Apoda have dry skin
F
154
T/F Apoda have no scales
F
155
Where do Apoda live
tropical locations under leaves
156
What do Apoda eat?
insects and worms
157
How are Apoda almost blind
covered eyes
