Ch_23A_Lower_Plants Flashcards
1rst land plant in fossil record
Liverworts
Do liverworts have phlome or xylem for transport of H2O/sugar
no
How do liverworts prevent dehydration
cuticle
Liverworts have a dominant sporo/gameto phyte generation
gametophyte
_ anchor liverwort plants
Rhizoids
where do Liverwort swimming sperm form
Antheridia
Where do eggs form in Liverworts
Archegonia
Where do Liverwort spores from
sporophyte capsule
Gemmae Cup
used by liverworts to reproduce asexually
Gemmae cups are produced by mitosis/meiosis
mitosis
what hits the gemmae cup to cause clone to fall out
rain
nonvascular land plant
mosses
do mosses have xylem or phloem?
no
mosses have a dominant _ generation
gametophyte
what do mosses use to reproduce
spores
do moss have swimming sperm
yes
where are moss swimming sperm produced
antheridia
where are moss eggs formed
archegonia
where do moss spores from
sporophyte capsule
what grows from moss spores
protonema
Mnium type
moss
Marchantia type
liverwort
1st vascular plants
Phylum Rhyniophyta - Cooksonia
Rhyniophyta other term
Cooksonia
Liverwort phylum
Bryophyta
Moss phylum
Bryophyta
Cooksonia phylum
Rhyniophyta
Cooksonia sporophyte/gametophyte dominant
sporophyte
when did Cooksonia flourish
400 million years ago
Is Rhyniophyta extinct?
yes
how tall was Cooksonia?
6.5 cm
did Cooksonia have leaves or roots
no
how did nutrients get to ground stem on cooksonia
Mycorrhiza
Cooksonia rhizome
ground stem
Phlyum Lycophyta common term
Club Moss
Lycophyta is Sporo/Gameto phyte dominant
Gametophyte
Why was Lychophyta named
large strobilus
Epiphyte
plant that grows off other plant but does not hurt it - commensualism
Strobilus
spore bearing structure
1st vascular plant with roots and leaves
Lycophyta
Many species of Lycophytes are _ _
tropical epiphytes
Lycopodium common word
Ground Pine
How does Lycophyta have vegetative growth
stems/rhizomes
Saliginella common word
Resurrection Plant
Saliginella phylum
Lycophyta
Phylum Pteridophyta groups
Whisk Ferns, Horsetails
does Pteridophyta have leaves or roots
no
what do Rhizomes have to gain nutrient
mycorrhiza symbiosis
Most species of Pteridophyta are _
epiphytes
Pteridophyta are Gametophyte/Sporophyte dominant
Sporophyte
Pteridophyta sperm _
swim
Pteridophyta reproduce with _ and not with _
spores, seeds
Pteridophyta common term
Horsetails
what tissue are used by Pteridophyta to photosynthesize
epidermal tissue
Psilotum example of
Whisk Ferns
Trees in ancient forests (dinosaur era)
Horsetails
Horsetails phylum
Pteridophyta
Horsetails have _ that is hard for defense and support
Silica
Scouring Rushes
named from Silica in Horsetails
where are leaves located on Horsetails
stem joints aka nodes
Where is the Strobilus on Horsetails
top
only living genus of Horsetails
Equisetum
True Ferns phylum
Pteridophyta
True ferns have leafy _
fronds
Most common spore bearing plant in terms of number of species and shear numbers
True Ferns
Sori
structures that are clusters of sporangia on True Ferns
Where are Sori located?
under the fronds of True Ferns
Where do spores develop on True Ferns
in sporangia
What shape is the gametophyte of True Ferns
heart
heart shaped gametophyte of True Fernms
prothallus
where do True Fern spores grow
ground
Fiddle heads are a type of _
True Fern
How do Fiddle Heads have vegetative growth
from rhizomes
Ferns are _ plants and prefer _ and _
swamp, warmth, moisture
Where do True Ferns occupy and why
lower canopy, prefer low to medium light
What percent of water is absorbed for True Ferns through fronds
50
Lower Plants very distinguishing charecterstic
Spore Bearers
Liverworts time start
500 mya
Hornworts time start
470 mya
Mosses time start
440 mya
Lycohphytes time start
420 mya
Pterophytes time start
390 mya
Gymnosperms time start
305 mya
Angiosperms time start
305 mya
Liverwort thallus structure shape
leaf-like
3 Members of Bryophyta
liverworts, mosses, hornworts
Member of Lycophyta
club moss
3 members of Pteridophyta aka fern family
Whisk ferns, True ferns, Horsetails
