taste and smell lecture and lab

Question 1

what are the special ions for salty and sour?

Answer 1

Na+ and H+

Question 2

what type of cell is an olfactory receptor?

Answer 2

bipolar

Question 3

Answer 3

filiform papilla

Question 4

Where do the nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors go?

Answer 4

medulla oblongata (gustatory nucleus), thalamus, hypothalamus, insula, and limbic system. Travel to the brain via the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve.

Question 5

function of olfactory supporting cells

Answer 5

physical support, nourishment, electrical insulation, and help detoxify chemicals

Question 6

what is the function of the orbitofrontal area?

Answer 6

odor identification and discrimination

Question 7

where are the sour regions of the tongue?

Answer 7

sides of the tongue

Question 8

why do smells and taste evoke emotional responses?

Answer 8

impulses for smell and taste propogate to the limbic system

Question 9

Answer 9

vallate papillae

Question 10

define foliate papillae

Answer 10

have taste buds, along the sides of the tongue but degenerate in early childhood

Question 11

where are taste receptors located?

Answer 11

tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

Question 12

where are the bitter taste buds located?

Answer 12

back of the tongue

Question 13

What are the 5 primary tastes?

Answer 13

sour, sweet, bitter, salt, and umami

Question 14

where is the umami region of the tongue?

Answer 14

center

Question 15

define fungiform papillae

Answer 15

have taste buds, mushroom shaped elevations across the entire tongue

Question 16

what are olfactory hairs and what do they do

Answer 16

they are cilia that project from the olfactory receptor’s dendrite and they respond to the inhaled chemicals

Question 17

what type of receptors are olfactory receptors?

Answer 17

metabotropic

Question 18

which cranial nerves are involved in gustation and what do they innervate?

Answer 18

facial- anterior 2/3 of tongue
glossopharyngeal- posterior 1/3 tongue
vagus-pharyx

Question 19

Answer 19

olfactory epithelium and olfactory mucosa

Question 20

what is adaption in terms of olfaction?

Answer 20

decreasing sensitivity to odors rapidly (takes seconds)

Question 21

how long does gustatory adaptation take?

Answer 21

1-5 minutes

Question 22

Answer 22

foliate papillae

Question 23

define filiform papillae

Answer 23

no taste buds but has tactile receptors, cover the entire of the tongue, increase friction to move food easier

Question 24

How do sweet, bitter, and umami receptors cause depolarization?

Answer 24

metabotropic, receptors attached to G proteins which activate secondary messengers which cause depolarization

Question 25

what must happen to molecules for receptors to sense the sensation?

Answer 25

molecules must be dissolved before the taste or smell can be sensed

Question 26

what are gustatory basal cells?

Answer 26

stem cells which produce supporting cells which then turn into gustatory receptor cells

Question 27

what is transduction?

Answer 27

the conversion of stimulus energy into a graded potential in a sensory receptor

Question 28

what are olfactory/bowman's cells

Answer 28

they produce mucus which moistens the surface of the olfactory epithelium and dissolves odorants so that transduction can occur

Question 29

define vallate papillae

Answer 29

have taste buds, 12 very large ones on the tongue, located in a V shape at the back of the tongue

Question 30

where is the salt area of the tongue?

Answer 30

right behind the tip

Question 31

Where do the impulses from the olfactory receptors go?

Answer 31

olfactory bulb, temporal lobe, limbic system, hypothalamus, orbitofrontal area

Question 32

Answer 32

fungiform papillae

Question 33

how long do gustatory receptor cells live?

Answer 33

10 days

Question 34

Answer 34

vallate papillae

Question 35

define the supporting cells of olfaction

Answer 35

columnar epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the lining of the nose.

Question 36

Answer 36

foliate papillae

Question 37

where are the olfactory receptors located?

Answer 37

olfactory endothelium in the superior nasal cavity

Question 38

what is the function of papillae?

Answer 38

increase surface area and provide rough texture

Question 39

what are olfactory basal cells?

Answer 39

stem cells

Question 40

what is the location of taste transduction?

Answer 40

gustatory hairs

Question 41

Around what age are smell and taste gradually lost?

Answer 41

50

Question 42

what type of sense are smell and taste?

Answer 42

chemical senses

Question 43

what happens when olfactory receptors respond to the chemical stimulation of an odorant?

Answer 43

produce generator potential

Question 44

where is the sweet area of the tongue?

Answer 44

the tip

Question 45

which cranial nerve innervates supporting cells and olfactory glands?

Answer 45

facial nerve 7, autonomic | also stimulate lacrimal glands and nasal mucous glands

Question 46

where do the axons of the olfactory receptors go?

Answer 46

through the olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate

Question 47

what dissolves tastants?

Answer 47

saliva