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BIO 430 > taste and smell lecture and lab > Flashcards

taste and smell lecture and lab Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the special ions for salty and sour?

A

Na+ and H+

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2
Q

what type of cell is an olfactory receptor?

A

bipolar

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3
Q
A

filiform papilla

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4
Q

Where do the nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors go?

A

medulla oblongata (gustatory nucleus), thalamus, hypothalamus, insula, and limbic system. Travel to the brain via the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve.

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5
Q

function of olfactory supporting cells

A

physical support, nourishment, electrical insulation, and help detoxify chemicals

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6
Q

what is the function of the orbitofrontal area?

A

odor identification and discrimination

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7
Q

where are the sour regions of the tongue?

A

sides of the tongue

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8
Q

why do smells and taste evoke emotional responses?

A

impulses for smell and taste propogate to the limbic system

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9
Q
A

vallate papillae

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10
Q

define foliate papillae

A

have taste buds, along the sides of the tongue but degenerate in early childhood

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11
Q

where are taste receptors located?

A

tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

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12
Q

where are the bitter taste buds located?

A

back of the tongue

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13
Q

What are the 5 primary tastes?

A

sour, sweet, bitter, salt, and umami

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14
Q

where is the umami region of the tongue?

A

center

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15
Q

define fungiform papillae

A

have taste buds, mushroom shaped elevations across the entire tongue

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16
Q

what are olfactory hairs and what do they do

A

they are cilia that project from the olfactory receptor’s dendrite and they respond to the inhaled chemicals

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17
Q

what type of receptors are olfactory receptors?

A

metabotropic

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18
Q

which cranial nerves are involved in gustation and what do they innervate?

A

facial- anterior 2/3 of tongue
glossopharyngeal- posterior 1/3 tongue
vagus-pharyx

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19
Q
A

olfactory epithelium and olfactory mucosa

20
Q

what is adaption in terms of olfaction?

A

decreasing sensitivity to odors rapidly (takes seconds)

21
Q

how long does gustatory adaptation take?

A

1-5 minutes

22
Q
A

foliate papillae

23
Q

define filiform papillae

A

no taste buds but has tactile receptors, cover the entire of the tongue, increase friction to move food easier

24
Q

How do sweet, bitter, and umami receptors cause depolarization?

A

metabotropic, receptors attached to G proteins which activate secondary messengers which cause depolarization

25
Q

what must happen to molecules for receptors to sense the sensation?

A

molecules must be dissolved before the taste or smell can be sensed

26
Q

what are gustatory basal cells?

A

stem cells which produce supporting cells which then turn into gustatory receptor cells

27
Q

what is transduction?

A

the conversion of stimulus energy into a graded potential in a sensory receptor

28
Q

what are olfactory/bowman’s cells

A

they produce mucus which moistens the surface of the olfactory epithelium and dissolves odorants so that transduction can occur

29
Q

define vallate papillae

A

have taste buds, 12 very large ones on the tongue, located in a V shape at the back of the tongue

30
Q

where is the salt area of the tongue?

A

right behind the tip

31
Q

Where do the impulses from the olfactory receptors go?

A

olfactory bulb, temporal lobe, limbic system, hypothalamus, orbitofrontal area

32
Q
A

fungiform papillae

33
Q

how long do gustatory receptor cells live?

A

10 days

34
Q
A

vallate papillae

35
Q

define the supporting cells of olfaction

A

columnar epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the lining of the nose.

36
Q
A

foliate papillae

37
Q

where are the olfactory receptors located?

A

olfactory endothelium in the superior nasal cavity

38
Q

what is the function of papillae?

A

increase surface area and provide rough texture

39
Q

what are olfactory basal cells?

A

stem cells

40
Q

what is the location of taste transduction?

A

gustatory hairs

41
Q

Around what age are smell and taste gradually lost?

A

50

42
Q

what type of sense are smell and taste?

A

chemical senses

43
Q

what happens when olfactory receptors respond to the chemical stimulation of an odorant?

A

produce generator potential

44
Q

where is the sweet area of the tongue?

A

the tip

45
Q

which cranial nerve innervates supporting cells and olfactory glands?

A

facial nerve 7, autonomic

also stimulate lacrimal glands and nasal mucous glands

46
Q

where do the axons of the olfactory receptors go?

A

through the olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate

47
Q

what dissolves tastants?

A

saliva

BIO 430 (37 decks)

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