Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 430 > ANS lecture > Flashcards

ANS lecture Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which cells are adrenergic and what do they release?

A

release NE

most sympathetic postganglionic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the aorticorenal ganglion innervate?

A

kidney and ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the inferior mesenteric ganglion innervate?

A

descending colon, kidneys, sex organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define the preganglionic neuron

A 
cell body in the CNS
extends from CNS to autonomic ganglion
myelinated axon
type B fiber
small diameter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where are chromaffin cells located and what do they release?

A

the adrenal medulla and epinephrine and NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do the superior cervical ganglia innervate?

A

pineal gland, eye, lacrimal mucous membrane of the nose and palate, parotid gland, heart, and sublingal and submandibular glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the sensory receptors of the ANS?

A

mostly interceptors (visceral sensory neurons), some somatic senses and special senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

heart, lungs, liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the ganglia in the neck?

A

superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

major locations of A1 receptors

A

smooth muscle fibers in blood vessels, salivary gland cells, and sweat gland cells in thick skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what organs control the motor output for the ANS?

A

involuntary control from hypothalamus, limbic system, brainstem, and spinal cord. Limited control from cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What effectors does the autonomic nervous system work on?

A

smooth muscle, glands, and cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the distribution of the parasympathetic division?

A

limited mainly to head and viscera of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, some blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is dual innervation?

A

organs receive impulses from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four ways axons of sympathetic preganglionic neurons can connect with postganglionic neurons?

A
  1. axon can synapse with a postganglionic neuron in the ganglion it first reaches
  2. an axon may ascend or descend to a higher or lower ganglion
  3. an axon can continue directly through the trunk to end at a prevertebral ganglion
  4. an axon can extend to chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does SLUDD stand for in relation to parasympathetic responses?

A 
salivation
lacrimation (tears)
urination
digestion
defacation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the celiac ganglion innervate?

A

liver, gall bladder, bile ducts, stomach, spleen, and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many post neurons does a parasympathetic pre neuron usually synapse with and how does that affect function?

A

only 4-5 all of which supply a single visceral effector, which allows parasympathetic responses to be localized to a single effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What pattern of projection defines the sympathetic nervous system, and how does it affect function?

A

divergence which is why many sympathetic responses affect almost the entire body simultaneously.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are autonomic plexuses?

A

tangled networks of symp and parasymp axons that lie along major arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many motor neurons do (most) autonomic motor pathways have?

A

2, in a series one after another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an agonist in terms of receptors?

A

a substance that binds to and activates a receptor and mimics the effect of a natural neurotransmitter or hormone
ex. phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

major locations of A2 receptors

A

smooth muscle in blood vessels, pancreatic cells, and platelets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In terms of excitation and inhibition, what is the difference between the somatic and the autonomic?

A

somatic always excites, ANS can do both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define B3 receptors

A

only found in brown adipose tissue and their activation causes thermogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is autonomic tone and what regulates it

A

the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity

regulated by hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do Alpha 1 and Beta 1 produce?

A

excitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the two types of neurotransmitters in the ANS?

A

ACh and NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the 5 major prevertebral ganglion?

A

celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, aorticorenal, and renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where are terminal ganglia located?

A

close to or within the wall of a visceral organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How do alpha and beta receptors react to NE and epinephrine?

A

NE stimulates alpha receptors more strongly than beta

epinephrine is a potent stimulator of both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the two types of autonomic neurons based on neurotransmitters?

A

cholinergic and adrenergic

34
Q

Major locations of B1 receptors

A

cardiac muscle cells, kidney cells, pituitary, and adipose cells

35
Q

what does the ciliary ganglion innervate?

A

the eye

36
Q

what is the other name for the parasympathetic division?

A

rest and digest

37
Q

where are the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division?

A

Nuclei of cranial nerves 3 (oculomotor), 7 (facial), 9 (glossopharyngeal), and 10 (vagus), and the lateral grey matter of S2-S4. AKA craniosacral division

38
Q

What are the 5 types of adrenergic subtypes?

A

Alpha 1 and 2

Beta 1, 2, 3

39
Q

major locations of B2 receptors

A

smooth muscle in airways, blood vessels, and walls of visceral organs

40
Q

How many preganglionic axons does the postganglionic neuron synapse with?

A

one or more

41
Q

Where are the sympathetic ganglia found?

A

sympathetic trunk ganglia parallel to the spinal cord and the prevertebral ganglia

42
Q

What do the cardiac plexus and pulmonary plexus supply?

A

heart and bronchial tree

43
Q

How many neurons can a single sympathetic preganglionic fiber synapse with?

A

20 or more

44
Q

what does the submandibular ganglion innervate?

A

sublingual and submandibular glands

45
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

A

plasma membrane of dendrites and cell bodies of both symp and parasymp postganglionic neurons
chromaffin cells
neuromuscular junction

46
Q

Which 6 structures are only innervated by the sympathetic division?

A

sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, spleen, blood vessels, and adrenal medulla.

47
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal ganglia are there?

A 
3 cervical
11/12 thoracic
4/5 lumbar
4/5 sacral
1 coccygeal that is fused and on the midline rather than lateral
48
Q

what does the inferior cervical ganglion innervate?

A

heart

49
Q

where are muscarinic receptors located?

A

plasma membranes of all effectors

most sweat glands

50
Q

what does the middle cervical ganglion innervate?

A

heart

51
Q

Are sympathetic preganglionic axons long or short?

A

short because the trunk ganglia are near the spinal cord

52
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors that bind with ACh?

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

53
Q

what do the pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate?

A

Descending colon, sigmoid colon, ureter, bladder, external genitalia, and uterus.

54
Q

define the postganglionic cell

A 
cell body in the autonomic ganglion
extends from the autonomic ganglion to the effector
unmyelinated
type C fiber
small diameter
55
Q

what does ACh in muscarinic receptors cause?

A

can cause either depolarization/excitation or hyperpolarization/inhibition

56
Q

Define autonomic reflexes

A

responses that occur when a nerve impulse passes through an autonomic reflex arc. reflexes play key role in regulating controlled conditions in the body such as blood pressure

57
Q

What are the components of an autonomic reflex arc?

A

receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center (hypothalamus, brain stem, or spinal cord), motor neurons, and effector.

58
Q

Why are sympathetic stimulation effects longer lasting?

A

1) sympathetic postganglionic axons diverge more extensively
2) NE remains in the synaptic cleft longer
3) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood from the adrenal medulla. Eventually destroyed in liver by enzymes

59
Q

Where are the sympathetic trunk ganglia located?

A

lie in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column and extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx.

60
Q

What is the distribution of the sympathetic division?

A

wide regions of the body: skin, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle of blood vessels

61
Q

What does NE cause at the effector cell?

A

excitation or inhibition

62
Q

How is the activity of NE at a synapse terminated?

A

NE is taken up by the axon that released it
NE is enzymatically inactivated

NE remains in the synaptic cleft longer than ACH

63
Q

Which neurons are cholinergic, and what do they release?

A

Release ACh

  1. all sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
  2. sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat glands
  3. all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
64
Q

What are the four Es of sympathetic activation?

A

exercise, emergency, excitement, and embaressment

65
Q

what are the two ways NE can be released?

A

a neurotransmitter by sympathetic postganglionic neurons
a hormone into the blood by chromaffin cells

epinephrine is always released as a hormone

66
Q

Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division?

A

lateral horns of the grey matter of T1-L2/L3 AKA thoracolumbar division

67
Q

what are the two main types of adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha and beta and are found on visceral effectors innervated by most sympathetic postganglionic axons

68
Q

what do adrenergic receptors bind to?

A

epinephrine or NE

69
Q

what is an antagonist in terms of receptors?

A

a substance that binds to and blocks a receptor thereby preventing a natural neurotransmitter or hormone from exerting its effect.

ex. atropine

70
Q

Are parasympathetic preganglionic axons long or short?

A

long

71
Q

when nicotinic receptors are activated in chromaffin cells what happens?

A

epinephrine and NE are released

72
Q

what does the celiac (solar) plexus contain?

A

it is the largest autonomic plexus and surrounds the celiac trunk
Contains:
2 large celiac ganglia
2 aorticorenal ganglia

stomach, kidneys, liver, and adrenal glands

73
Q

what does the superior mesenteric ganglion innervate?

A

kidney and ureter

74
Q

What is the sympathetic division also called?

A

fight or flight (S for stress and sympathetic)

75
Q

what d alpha 2 and beta 2 produce?

A

inhibition

76
Q

What does ACh in nicotinic receptors cause?

A

depolarization and excitation

77
Q

what does the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate?

A

lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa and palate

78
Q

What are the three “decreases” of the parasympathetic?

A

heart rate, bronchoconstriction, and constriction of pupils

79
Q

what does the otic ganglion innervate?

A

parotid gland

80
Q

what are the 4 terminal ganglia in the head?

A

ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglion

BIO 430 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions