Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 430 > Nervous System Lecture 6.1 > Flashcards

Nervous System Lecture 6.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cluster?

A

neuronal cell bodies grouped together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do neuroglia do in cases of injury or disease?

A

multiply to fill the spaces formerly occupied by neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a tract?

A

a bundle of axons located in the CNS. Interconnects neurons in the spinal cord and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a ganglion?

A

cluster of neuronal cell bodies located in the PNS. Associated with cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the three types of functional classification

A

sensory/afferent
motor/efferent
interneurons/association neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do CNS axons display little regrowth after injury

A

absence of a neurolemma and an inhibitory influence exerted by the oligodendrocytes on axon regrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are pyramidal cells found?

A

the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is grey matter?

A

contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia. Appears grayish because of the nissl bodies and lack of myelination. Located in the center of the spinal cord and the outside of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is fast axonal transport?

A

moves materials in both directions, to and away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are multipolar neurons found?

A

the brain, spinal cord, and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

A

neurons and neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do both types of PNS neuroglia do?

A

completely surround the axons and cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 types of ion channels?

A

leak, ligand-gated, mechanically-gated, voltage-gated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the functions of Schwann cells

A

form the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS. Only myelinates a single axon. participate in axon regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a nucleus in terms of collections of nervous tissue

A

cluster of neuronal cell bodies located in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

receiving or input portions of a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 types of structural classification

A

multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, Purkinje, and pyramidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what 2 types of neuroglia are in the PNS?

A

Schwann and satellite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where are most unipolar neurons located?

A

the ganglia of the spinal and cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define motor/efferent neurons

A

convey action potentials away from the CNS to the effectors (muscles/glands) in the PNS through cranial or spinal nerves. Most are multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are three things an axon contains?

A

mitochondria, microtubules, and neurofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two parts of the sensory division?

A

somatic senses and special senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an electrochemical gradient?

A

a concentration difference plus an electrical difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

functions of satellite cells

A

surround the cell bodies of PNS ganglia like shingles on a roof. Provide structural support and regulate exchange of materials between neuronal cell bodies and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
can neurons undergo mitosis?
no
26
define sensory/afferent neuron functions
stimulus activates a sensory receptor and the sensory neuron forms an action potential and coveys it to the CNS through cranial or spinal nerves. Most are unipolar
27
What is the myelin sheath?
A multilayered lipid and protein covering around some axons that insulates them and increases the speed of the nerve impulse conduction.
28
What are the three places an axon can take a nerve impulse?
another neuron, a muscle fiber, or a gland
29
What is the difference between anterograde and retrograde fast axonal transport?
anterograde (forward) direction moves organelles and synaptic vesicles from the cell body to the axon terminal retrograde (backward) direction moves membrane vesicles and other cellular materials from the axon terminals to the cell body to be degraded or recycled
30
What is the name for the fine processes that come off of the axon or collaterals?
axon terminals or telodendria
31
What type of cells are ependymal cells?
single layer of cilliated/microvilla cuboidal or columnar cells
32
where are purkinje cells found?
the cerebellum
33
what are the functions of ependymal cells?
produce, possibly monitor, and assist in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Also form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
34
Function of microglia?
fuction as phagocytes
35
What are the two types of astrocytes?
protoplasmic: found in grey matter fibrous: found in white matter
36
What are the three parts of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
37
What are the functions of neuroglia?
support, nourish, and protect neurons. Maintain interstitial fluid.
38
What do axons not contain?
endoplasmic reticulum. No proteins are synthesized in the axon.
39
can neuroglia undergo mitosis?
yes
40
What is white matter?
primarily composed of myelinated axons. In the spinal cord, it surrounds the grey matter and in the brain, it is deep to the grey matter
41
Where are ependymal cells found?
they line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord
42
what is a bundle?
axons of neurons grouped together
43
What is the name for the cytoplasm of an axon and the plasma membrane of an axon?
axoplasm and axolemma
44
What is slow axonal transport?
It moves axoplasm in one direction only, from the cell body to the axon terminals
45
What is lipofuscin?
A yellow/brown pigment that appears in aging neuron cells. A product of neuronal lysosomes and is not harmful (as far as we know).
46
What is the name for side branches off the axon at a 90 degree angle?
axon collaterals
47
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
forming and maintaining the myelin sheath around CNS axons
48
What do the processes of astrocytes make contact with?
blood capillaries, neurons, and pia mater
49
What is a nerve?
a bundle of axons located in the PNS
50
where are unipolar/pseudounipolar neurons found
they function as sensory receptors
51
where are bipolar neurons found?
retina, inner ear, olfactory (special senses)
52
What are the three parts of a neuron?
cell body/soma/perikaryon dendrites axon
53
What percentage does neuroglia make up of the volume of the CNS?
50%
54
What are the two types of potentials and how are they used?
grade potentials- short distances | action potentials- long distances
55
How many types of neuroglia are there?
6
56
In the embryo what do unipolar neurons begin as?
bipolar neurons
57
What are the 5 functions of astrocytes?
Support neurons create blood-brain barrier in the embryo, they secrete chemicals that appear to regulate growth, migration, and interconnection among neurons in the brain maintain the appropriate chemical environment for the generation of nerve impulses may play a role in learning and memory
58
Where is a neurolemma only found?
around axons in the PNS and aids in regeneration by forming a regeneration tube that guides and stimulates regrowth of the axon Note, that the neurolemma is the plasma membrane of Schwann cells that surrounds the myelinated nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system
59
Which 4 types of neuroglia are found in the CNS?
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal
60
what are nodes of ranvier
gaps in the myelin sheath that increase action potential speed
61
define interneurons/association neuron function
mainly located within the CNS between sensory and motor neurons. interneurons process incoming sensory information from the sensory neurons and then elicit a motor response by activating the appropriate motor neurons. Most are multipolar
62
What is the function of Nissl bodies?
Synthesize proteins that are used to replace cellular components, as material for the growth of neurons and to regenerate damaged axons in the !PNS!.
63
What are the functions of neurons?
sensing, thinking, remembering, controlling muscle activity, and regulating glandular secretions

BIO 430 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions