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BIO 430 > Lecture 1.1 Intro to Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 1.1 Intro to Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Frontal plane

A

slices to produce the front half and back half of the body. Divides anterior and posterior.

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2
Q

Endocrine System organs (8)

A
  • Thyroid gland
  • adrenal gland
  • pancreas
  • testes and ovaries
  • hypothalamus
  • pineal glands
  • pituitary glands
  • parathyroid glands
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3
Q

Arm regions anterior

A
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4
Q

Skeletal System

A

bone and cartilage

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5
Q

distal

A

farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk, farther from the origination of a structure. Used for limbs.

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6
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

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7
Q

eye region

A

orbital or ocular

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8
Q

abdomen

A

abdominal

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9
Q

positive feedback loop

A

A positive feedback loop occurs in nature when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction. If we look at a system in homeostasis, a positive feedback loop moves a system further away from the target of equilibrium. It does this by amplifying the effects of a product or event and occurs when something needs to happen quickly.

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10
Q

Digestive System (11)

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • salivary glands
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • small intestine
  • large intestines
  • rectum
  • anus.
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11
Q

What is contained in the pelvic cavity?

A

Bladder, some large intestine, reproductive organs.

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12
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body as another structure

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13
Q

Trunk and hand anterior

A
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14
Q

transverse

A

divides top and bottom of body or superior and inferior.

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15
Q

thigh region

A

femoral

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16
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body

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17
Q

cheek area

A

buccal

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18
Q

nose region

A

nasal

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19
Q

What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower

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20
Q

ankle region

A

tarsal

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21
Q

forehead region

A

frontal

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22
Q

front of elbow area

A

antecubital

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23
Q

top of foot

A

dorsum

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24
Q

superficial

A

toward or on the surface of the body

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25
Q

Homeostatic imbalances

A

disruptions from the external or internal environments

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26
Q

base of skull

A

occipital

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27
Q

chin region

A

mental

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28
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic structure of tissues.

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29
Q

What are the two largest body cavities?

A

ventral and dorsal

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30
Q

anterior

A

nearer to or at the front of the body

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31
Q

Muscular System

A

muscle

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32
Q

fingers

A

digits or phalangeal

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33
Q

Lower half of posterior view

A
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34
Q

What are the two lines used to create the 4 quadrants?

A

transumbical line and the median line

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35
Q

What is contained in the abdominal cavity? (6)

A

stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of the large intestine, and the serous membrane of the cavity which is the peritoneum

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36
Q

Reproductive Systems

A

F: Mammary glands, uterine tubes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina
M: Penis, testes, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate

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37
Q

Upper half of posterior view

A
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38
Q

foot

A

pedal

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39
Q

back of elbow

A

cubital

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40
Q

Imaging anatomy

A

Internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical intervention.

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41
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Functional changes associated with disease and aging.

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42
Q

lateral

A

farther from the midline

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43
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.

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44
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease.

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45
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Structures that can be examined without a microscope.

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46
Q

hand

A

manual, you drive a manual with your hand.

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47
Q

left inguinal region organs

A
  • small intestines
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
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48
Q

taint

A

perineal

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49
Q

Exercise physiology

A

Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity.

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50
Q

big toe

A

hallux

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51
Q

What is the name of the membrane around the heart?

A

viseral or parietal pericardium

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52
Q

what is the belly side?

A

anterior or ventral

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53
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity starting from the top left of the viewer and reading down.

A
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54
Q

shoulder blade

A

scapular

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55
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Functional properties of nerve cells.

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56
Q

breast region

A

mammary

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57
Q

parasagittal

A

divides into right and left sides of the body but not necessarily evenly.

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58
Q

intermediate

A

between two structures

59
Q

between hips on back

A

sacral

60
Q

Leg regions anterior

A
61
Q

Renal physiology

A

Functions of the kidneys.

62
Q

ear region

A

otic

63
Q

Endocrinology

A

Hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions.

64
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

tend to dampen or buffer changes; this tends to hold a system to some equilibrium state making it more stable. A negative feedback loop occurs in biology when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction. In this way, a negative feedback loop brings a system closer to a target of stability or homeostasis. Negative feedback loops are responsible for the stabilization of a system, and ensure the maintenance of a steady, stable state. The response of the regulating mechanism is opposite to the output of the event.

65
Q

What is physiology?

A

Study of the functions of structures

66
Q

bottom of foot

A

plantar

67
Q

spinal column

A

vertebral

68
Q

buttock

A

gluteal

69
Q

chest region

A

thoracic

70
Q

Head region

A

cephalic

71
Q

posterior

A

near to or at the back of the body

72
Q

upper arm region

A

brachial

73
Q

wrist region

A

carpal

74
Q

calf

A

sural

75
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk, nearer to the origination of a structure. Used for limbs.

76
Q

Homeostatis

A

condition of equilibrium

77
Q

Embryology

A

The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg.

78
Q

back of knee

A

popliteal

79
Q

oblique

A

diagonal slice anywhere in the body

80
Q

anterior lower leg

A

crural

81
Q

Integumentary System

A

Hair, skin and associated glands, fingernails, and toenails.

82
Q

back

A

dorsal

83
Q

navel

A

umbilical

84
Q

palm region

A

volar or palmar

85
Q

what is the back side

A

posterior or dorsal

86
Q

superior

A

toward the head or upper part of a structure. not used on limbs

87
Q

Basic Life Processes (6)

A
  1. metabolism
  2. responsiveness
  3. movement
  4. growth
  5. differentiation
  6. reproduction
88
Q

What are the two types of serous membranes? What is the difference?

A

visceral: cover an organ
parietal: line a cavity

89
Q

What are the two sub cavities in the dorsal cavity?

A

cranial and vertebral

90
Q

Eleven systems of the body

A
  1. integumentary
  2. skeletal
  3. muscular
  4. nervous
  5. endocrine
  6. cardiovascular
  7. lymphatic/immune
  8. respiratory
  9. digestive
  10. urinary
  11. reproductive
91
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divides the body into equal parts left and right

92
Q

breastbone region

A

sternal

93
Q

How many regions of the abdominal cavity are there?

A

9

94
Q

What is included in the mediastinum?

A

the central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm, contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.

95
Q

What is the term for organs behind the peritoneum?

A

Retroperitoneal

96
Q

left hypochondriac region organs

A
  • stomach
  • liver tip
  • spleen
  • left kidney
97
Q

How many quadrants are there of the abdominal cavity?

A

4

98
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Study of structures

99
Q

How is homeostasis maintained

A

through the body’s regulatory processes

100
Q

Above neck regions anterior

A
101
Q

What are the three sub cavities in the thoracic cavity?

A

pleural, pericardial, and mediastinum

102
Q

Respiratory System components (6)

A
  • Larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchus
  • lung
  • pharynx
  • oral and nasal cavities
103
Q

What are the two sub cavities in the ventral cavity?

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

104
Q

Urinary System

A
  • kidney
  • ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
105
Q

mouth region

A

oral

106
Q

right hypochondriac region organs

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • right kidney
107
Q

heel

A

calcaneal

108
Q

Respiratory physiology

A

Functions of the air passageways and lungs.

109
Q

inferior

A

away from the head or the lower part of a structure. not used on limbs

110
Q

Molecular physiology

A

Functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA.

111
Q

hypogastric region organs

A
  • small intestines
  • sigmoid colon
  • bladder
112
Q

Cell biology

A

Cellular structure and functions.

113
Q

Cardiovascular physiology

A

Functions of the heart and blood vessels.

114
Q

face region

A

facial

115
Q

Developmental biology

A

The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.

116
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch).

117
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, and a nerves

118
Q

hip

A

coxal

119
Q

armpit region

A

axillary

120
Q

What are the two sub cavities of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

abdominal and pelvic

121
Q

Lymphatic System and Immunity organs and systems (6)

A
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • lymph node
  • lymphatic vessel
  • Red bone marrow
  • tonsils
122
Q

Levels of structural organization

A

atom -> molecule -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> system -> organism

123
Q

neck region

A

cervical

124
Q

forearm area

A

antebrachial

125
Q

right inguinal region organs

A
  • small intestines
  • appendix
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
126
Q

skull region

A

cranial

127
Q

pelvis

A

pelvic

128
Q

What are the 4 lines that create the 9 regions

A

left and right midclavicular lines
subcostal line
transtubercular line

129
Q

What are the purpose of serous membranes?

A

reduce friction

130
Q

right lumbar region organs

A
  • liver tip
  • small intestines
  • ascending colon
  • right kidney
131
Q

What is standard anatomical position?

A

Person stands erect, facing the observer, the upper extremities are places at the sides, the palms of the hands are turned forward, and the feet are flat on the floor

132
Q

temple region

A

temporal

133
Q

left lumbar region organs

A
  • small intestine
  • descending colon
  • left kidney
134
Q

What is the name for the membrane in the abdominal cavity?

A

peritoneum

135
Q

epigastric region organs

A
  • stomach
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • right and left kidneys
136
Q

Immunology

A

The body’s defenses against disease-causing agents.

137
Q

medial

A

nearer to the midline of the body

138
Q

umbilical region organs

A
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • small intestine
  • transverse colon
139
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.

140
Q

back of hand

A

dorsum

141
Q

toes

A

digital or phalangeal

142
Q

anterior knee

A

patellar

143
Q

What is the name of the membranes surrounding the lungs?

A

Visceral or parietal pleura

BIO 430 (37 decks)

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