Lecture 1.1 Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Frontal plane
A
slices to produce the front half and back half of the body. Divides anterior and posterior.
2
Q
Endocrine System organs (8)
A
- Thyroid gland
- adrenal gland
- pancreas
- testes and ovaries
- hypothalamus
- pineal glands
- pituitary glands
- parathyroid glands
3
Q
Arm regions anterior
A
4
Q
Skeletal System
A
bone and cartilage
5
Q
distal
A
farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk, farther from the origination of a structure. Used for limbs.
6
Q
contralateral
A
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
7
Q
eye region
A
orbital or ocular
8
Q
abdomen
A
abdominal
9
Q
positive feedback loop
A
A positive feedback loop occurs in nature when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction. If we look at a system in homeostasis, a positive feedback loop moves a system further away from the target of equilibrium. It does this by amplifying the effects of a product or event and occurs when something needs to happen quickly.
10
Q
Digestive System (11)
A
- mouth
- pharynx
- salivary glands
- esophagus
- stomach
- pancreas
- liver
- gallbladder
- small intestine
- large intestines
- rectum
- anus.
11
Q
What is contained in the pelvic cavity?
A
Bladder, some large intestine, reproductive organs.
12
Q
ipsilateral
A
on the same side of the body as another structure
13
Q
Trunk and hand anterior
A
14
Q
transverse
A
divides top and bottom of body or superior and inferior.
15
Q
thigh region
A
femoral
16
Q
deep
A
away from the surface of the body
17
Q
cheek area
A
buccal
18
Q
nose region
A
nasal
19
Q
What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
A
Right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower
20
Q
ankle region
A
tarsal
21
Q
forehead region
A
frontal
22
Q
front of elbow area
A
antecubital
23
Q
top of foot
A
dorsum
24
Q
superficial
A
toward or on the surface of the body
25
Homeostatic imbalances
disruptions from the external or internal environments
26
base of skull
occipital
27
chin region
mental
28
Histology
Microscopic structure of tissues.
29
What are the two largest body cavities?
ventral and dorsal
30
anterior
nearer to or at the front of the body
31
Muscular System
muscle
32
fingers
digits or phalangeal
33
Lower half of posterior view
34
What are the two lines used to create the 4 quadrants?
transumbical line and the median line
35
What is contained in the abdominal cavity? (6)
stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of the large intestine, and the serous membrane of the cavity which is the peritoneum
36
Reproductive Systems
F: Mammary glands, uterine tubes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina
M: Penis, testes, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate
37
Upper half of posterior view
38
foot
pedal
39
back of elbow
cubital
40
Imaging anatomy
Internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical intervention.
41
Pathophysiology
Functional changes associated with disease and aging.
42
lateral
farther from the midline
43
Regional anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
44
Pathological anatomy
Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease.
45
Gross anatomy
Structures that can be examined without a microscope.
46
hand
manual, you drive a manual with your hand.
47
left inguinal region organs
- small intestines
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
48
taint
perineal
49
Exercise physiology
Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity.
50
big toe
hallux
51
What is the name of the membrane around the heart?
viseral or parietal pericardium
52
what is the belly side?
anterior or ventral
53
What are the 9 regions of the abdominal cavity starting from the top left of the viewer and reading down.
54
shoulder blade
scapular
55
Neurophysiology
Functional properties of nerve cells.
56
breast region
mammary
57
parasagittal
divides into right and left sides of the body but not necessarily evenly.
58
intermediate
between two structures
59
between hips on back
sacral
60
Leg regions anterior
61
Renal physiology
Functions of the kidneys.
62
ear region
otic
63
Endocrinology
Hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions.
64
Negative feedback loop
tend to dampen or buffer changes; this tends to hold a system to some equilibrium state making it more stable. A negative feedback loop occurs in biology when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction. In this way, a negative feedback loop brings a system closer to a target of stability or homeostasis. Negative feedback loops are responsible for the stabilization of a system, and ensure the maintenance of a steady, stable state. The response of the regulating mechanism is opposite to the output of the event.
65
What is physiology?
Study of the functions of structures
66
bottom of foot
plantar
67
spinal column
vertebral
68
buttock
gluteal
69
chest region
thoracic
70
Head region
cephalic
71
posterior
near to or at the back of the body
72
upper arm region
brachial
73
wrist region
carpal
74
calf
sural
75
proximal
nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk, nearer to the origination of a structure. Used for limbs.
76
Homeostatis
condition of equilibrium
77
Embryology
The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg.
78
back of knee
popliteal
79
oblique
diagonal slice anywhere in the body
80
anterior lower leg
crural
81
Integumentary System
Hair, skin and associated glands, fingernails, and toenails.
82
back
dorsal
83
navel
umbilical
84
palm region
volar or palmar
85
what is the back side
posterior or dorsal
86
superior
toward the head or upper part of a structure. not used on limbs
87
Basic Life Processes (6)
1. metabolism
2. responsiveness
3. movement
4. growth
5. differentiation
6. reproduction
88
What are the two types of serous membranes? What is the difference?
visceral: cover an organ
parietal: line a cavity
89
What are the two sub cavities in the dorsal cavity?
cranial and vertebral
90
Eleven systems of the body
1. integumentary
2. skeletal
3. muscular
4. nervous
5. endocrine
6. cardiovascular
7. lymphatic/immune
8. respiratory
9. digestive
10. urinary
11. reproductive
91
midsagittal plane
divides the body into equal parts left and right
92
breastbone region
sternal
93
How many regions of the abdominal cavity are there?
9
94
What is included in the mediastinum?
the central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm, contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.
95
What is the term for organs behind the peritoneum?
Retroperitoneal
96
left hypochondriac region organs
- stomach
- liver tip
- spleen
- left kidney
97
How many quadrants are there of the abdominal cavity?
4
98
What is anatomy?
Study of structures
99
How is homeostasis maintained
through the body's regulatory processes
100
Above neck regions anterior
101
What are the three sub cavities in the thoracic cavity?
pleural, pericardial, and mediastinum
102
Respiratory System components (6)
- Larynx
- trachea
- bronchus
- lung
- pharynx
- oral and nasal cavities
103
What are the two sub cavities in the ventral cavity?
thoracic and abdominopelvic
104
Urinary System
- kidney
- ureters
- bladder
- urethra
105
mouth region
oral
106
right hypochondriac region organs
- liver
- gallbladder
- right kidney
107
heel
calcaneal
108
Respiratory physiology
Functions of the air passageways and lungs.
109
inferior
away from the head or the lower part of a structure. not used on limbs
110
Molecular physiology
Functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA.
111
hypogastric region organs
- small intestines
- sigmoid colon
- bladder
112
Cell biology
Cellular structure and functions.
113
Cardiovascular physiology
Functions of the heart and blood vessels.
114
face region
facial
115
Developmental biology
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
116
Surface anatomy
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch).
117
Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord, and a nerves
118
hip
coxal
119
armpit region
axillary
120
What are the two sub cavities of the abdominopelvic cavity?
abdominal and pelvic
121
Lymphatic System and Immunity organs and systems (6)
- thymus
- spleen
- lymph node
- lymphatic vessel
- Red bone marrow
- tonsils
122
Levels of structural organization
atom -> molecule -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> system -> organism
123
neck region
cervical
124
forearm area
antebrachial
125
right inguinal region organs
- small intestines
- appendix
- cecum
- ascending colon
126
skull region
cranial
127
pelvis
pelvic
128
What are the 4 lines that create the 9 regions
left and right midclavicular lines
subcostal line
transtubercular line
129
What are the purpose of serous membranes?
reduce friction
130
right lumbar region organs
- liver tip
- small intestines
- ascending colon
- right kidney
131
What is standard anatomical position?
Person stands erect, facing the observer, the upper extremities are places at the sides, the palms of the hands are turned forward, and the feet are flat on the floor
132
temple region
temporal
133
left lumbar region organs
- small intestine
- descending colon
- left kidney
134
What is the name for the membrane in the abdominal cavity?
peritoneum
135
epigastric region organs
- stomach
- liver
- pancreas
- right and left kidneys
136
Immunology
The body's defenses against disease-causing agents.
137
medial
nearer to the midline of the body
138
umbilical region organs
- stomach
- pancreas
- small intestine
- transverse colon
139
Systemic anatomy
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
140
back of hand
dorsum
141
toes
digital or phalangeal
142
anterior knee
patellar
143
What is the name of the membranes surrounding the lungs?
Visceral or parietal pleura
