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BIO 430 > nervous system 6.4 > Flashcards

nervous system 6.4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the number, function, and origin of the optic nerve?

A

2

function: vision
origin: retina/diencephalon

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2
Q

functions of the right hemisphere

A

Musical/artistic awareness, spatial/pattern perception, face recognition, emotional content of language, discrimination of smells, and generating mental images of sensations.

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3
Q

Where are the nuclei for CN 5, 6, 7, and 8 (vesitbular branch)?

A

pons

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4
Q

when do alpha waves happen

A

when awake but eyes are closed

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5
Q

what happens if the abducen nerve is damaged?

A

affected eyeball cannot move laterally beyond the midpoint

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6
Q

what are the four types of brain waves

A

alpha, beta, theta, and delta

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7
Q

what is the number, function, and origin of the glossopharyngeal nerves?

A

9

function:
sensory: tongue pain and monitor blood pressure and blood gases, taste
motor: swallowing and salivation
origin: posterior 1/3 of tongue and salivary gland or medulla?

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8
Q

Which nerves are affected by bell’s palsy?

A

facial nerves

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9
Q

where are the CN 3 & 4 nuclei?

A

midbrain

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10
Q

What are the names of cranial nerves 1-4?

A

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear

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11
Q

function of the somatosensory association area

A

determine exact shape and texture of an object by feeling it. storage of memories of past somatic sensory experiences which allows a person to compare then to current sensations

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12
Q

what is the foramen and destination of the vagus nerves?

A

foramen: jugular foramen
destination: medulla oblongata, respiratory/cardio and digestive organs

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13
Q

function of the orbitofrontal cortex

A

identify odors and to discriminate between odors

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14
Q

What do sensory associations areas do?

A

integrate sensory experiences to generate meaningful patterns of recognition and awareness

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15
Q

function of common integrative area

A

receives nerve impulses from sensory areas, the thalamus, and the brain stem and allows formation of thoughts based on a variety of sensory inputs

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16
Q

what are the number, function, and origin of the trochlear nerves?

A

4

function: controls the superior oblique eye muscle
origin: mesencephalon, mid brain

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17
Q

What are the three basal nuclei?

A

globus pallidus
putamen
caudate nucleus

glob+put=lentiform nucleus
lentiform+caud=corpus straitum

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18
Q

when do delta waves take place

A

in awake infants and deepest sleep

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19
Q

What is the number, function, and origin of the accessory nerves?

A

11

function: controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
origin: medulla oblongata

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20
Q

function of the primary auditory association area

A

recognize a particular sound as speech, music, or noise

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21
Q

definition of hemispheric lateralization

A

there are physiological differences and functional differences between the two brain hemispheres

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22
Q

what are the names of cranial nerves 9-12?

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

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23
Q

what are the foramen and destination of the oculomotor nerve

A

formen: superior orbital fissure
destination: extra-ocular eye muscles

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24
Q

The mandibular division’s function, origin, foramen, and destination?

A

function: controls mastication and middle ear muscle dampening loud noises
origin: lower gums, teeth, anterior 2/3 of tongue, lips, palate, and motor nuclei of pons
foramen: foramen ovale
destination: muscles of mastication and tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear

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25
what are the foramen and destination of the vestibulocochlear nerves?
foramen: internal auditory meatus destinationtion: pons and medulla oblongata
26
What is the number, function, and origin of the oculomotor nerve?
3 function: controls all extra-ocular eye muscles, except the superior oblique and lateral rectus autonomic: cilliary muscles of the eyeball which adjusts for near vision. construction of pupil origin: midbrain
27
what is anopia?
blindness due to a defect or a loss of one or both eyes
28
where are the CN 2 nuclei?
diencephalon
29
Which cranial nerves are motor function?
3, 4, 6, 11, 12
30
define projection tracts
contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS or the other way around Ex. internal capsule
31
what is trigeminal neuralgia?
sharp cutting pain that lasts a few seconds to a minute
32
function of the wernicke's area
interprets the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words
33
what is ansomia?
loss of sense of smell
34
what are the foramen and destination of the trochlear nerve?
foramen: superior orbital fissure destination: superior oblique muscle
35
what is the number, function, and origin of the facial nerves?
7 function: sensory: sensations from face/taste motor: controls muscles of the face and middle ear autonomic motor: secreation of tears and saliva (S for secretion, S for 7) origin: tastebuds (sensory) and pons (motor)
36
Location of CN 1 nuclei?
telencephalon
37
Where are the primary sensory areas for vision, hearing, taste, and smell?
vision-occipital lobe auditory- temporal taste (gustatory)- insula smell- temporal
38
What is the number, function, and origin of the olfactory nerve
1 function: smell sensory origin: olfactory epithelium or cerebrum?
39
define association tracts
contains axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the the same hemisphere
40
when do beta waves take place
when the nervous system is active
41
what is the number, function, and origin of the vagus nerves?
10 function: information from organs, taste from epiglottis and phaynx motors (autonomic): constriction of respiratory passageways and decreases heart rate origin: sensory: organs and motor: medulla oblongata
42
What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular division
43
function of the premotor area
deals with the learned motor activities of a complex and sequential nature. it generates nerve impulses that cause specific groups of muscles to contract in a specific sequence.
44
What is the possible function of the claustrum?
involved in visual attention
45
what is the number, function, and origin of the abducens nerve?
6 function: controls eye movements origin: pons
46
Which cranial nerves are mixed function?
5, 7, 9, 10 (10975)
47
what is strabismus?
both eyes do not fix on the same object, may turn inward or outward
48
define commissural tracts
contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from one gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to the corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere
49
What are the three types of brain injuries?
trauma, hypoxia, ischemia
50
Patients with damage to the right hemisphere regions that correspond to the broca's and wernicke's areas in the left hemisphere do what
speak in monotone as they have lost their ability to import emotional inflection to what they say
51
what brain wave type takes place during deep sleep?
sleep spindles
52
function of the frontal eye area
voluntary scanning movements of the eyes
53
what are the three important groups of commissural tracts?
corpus callosum, anterior commissure, posterior commissure
54
Function of the facial recognition area and which side is more dominant
stores information about faces and allows you to recognize people by their faces more dominant in the right hemisphere
55
What are the maxillary division's function, origin, foramen, and destination?
function: sensations from lower eyelid, upper lip, and cheek origin: inferior eyelid, upper lip, gums, teeth, palate, and part of pharynx foramen: foramen rotundum destination: pons
56
what connects the right and left hemisphere of the brain?
corpus callosum
57
what type of brain wave takes place during deepest sleep?
delta
58
where are the nuclei for CN 9, 10, 11, and 12?
medulla oblongata
59
In what percentage of people is the broca's area located on the left hemisphere?
97%
60
people with damage to the left hemisphere often exhibit what
aphasia-no speech
61
Electroencephalograms or EEGs are useful for studying
normal brain functions brain disorders brain death
62
when do theta waves take place
in children and adults experiencing emotional stress and light sleep
63
what happens when a person suffers a stroke in the wernicke's area
person can still speak but cannot arrange words in a coherent way, aka word salad/fluent aphasia
64
what is the foramen and destination of the optic nerve?
foramen: optic canal destination: diencephalon then occipital lobe
65
Which cranial nerves are sensory?
1, 2, 8
66
where does the visual association area receive impulses from?
the primary visual area and the thalamus
67
what are the foramen and destination of the accessory nerves?
foramen: jugular foramen destination: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
68
what are the names of the cranial nerves 5-8?
trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear
69
What are the functions of the basal nuclei?
regulate the initiation and termination of movements initiate and terminate some cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and planning may act with limbic system to regulate emotional behaviors subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles globus pallidus helps regulate muscle tone
70
what is the foramen and destination of the abducens nerve?
foramen: superior orbital fissure destination: lateral rectus eye muscle
71
what brain wave type happens during light sleep
theta
72
What is the foramen and destination of facial nerves?
foramen: internal auditory meatus and stylomastoid foramen destination: sensory: pons motors: muscles of the face
73
damage to which nerves cause vertigo, ataxia (muscular incoordination), and tinnitus (ear ringing)
vestibulocochlear nerves
74
what type of brain wave takes place during REM sleep?
Beta
75
what structures are functionally linked to the basal nucei?
substantia nigra, subthalamic nuclei, and claustrum
76
How many lobes of the cerebrum are there?
5
77
What is the number, function, and origin of the vestibulocochlear nerves?
8 function: balance and hearing origin: receptors of the vestibule and cochlea/pons
78
What is the ophthalmic division's function, origin, foramen, and destination?
function: sensations from forehead, upper eyelids, and nose origin: forehead, lacrimal glands, superior eyelid, orbital structures, nasal cavity formamen: superior orbital fissure destination: pons
79
functions of the left hemisphere
reasoning, numerical/scientific skills, spoken/written language, and ability to use and understand sign language
80
The premotor area communicates with...
the primary motor cortex, sensory association areas in the parietal lobe, the basal nuclei, and the thalamus
81
What number is the trigeminal nerve?
5
82
What are the foramen and destination for the glossopharyngeal nerves?
foramen: jugular foramen destination: medulla oblongata
83
what is the foramen and destination of the olfactory nerve
foramen: olfactory formina in the cribiform plate destination: olfactory bulbs, olfactory tract, and ends in the primary olfactory area in the temporal lobe
84
function of the prefrontal cortex
the makeup of a person's personality, intellect, complex learning abilities, recall of information, judgement, foresight, reasoning, conscience, mood, abstract thoughts. Basically anything that makes us human.

BIO 430 (37 decks)

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