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BIO 430 > nervous system 6.4 > Flashcards

nervous system 6.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the number, function, and origin of the optic nerve?

A

2

function: vision
origin: retina/diencephalon

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2
Q

functions of the right hemisphere

A

Musical/artistic awareness, spatial/pattern perception, face recognition, emotional content of language, discrimination of smells, and generating mental images of sensations.

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3
Q

Where are the nuclei for CN 5, 6, 7, and 8 (vesitbular branch)?

A

pons

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4
Q

when do alpha waves happen

A

when awake but eyes are closed

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5
Q

what happens if the abducen nerve is damaged?

A

affected eyeball cannot move laterally beyond the midpoint

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6
Q

what are the four types of brain waves

A

alpha, beta, theta, and delta

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7
Q

what is the number, function, and origin of the glossopharyngeal nerves?

A

9

function:
sensory: tongue pain and monitor blood pressure and blood gases, taste
motor: swallowing and salivation
origin: posterior 1/3 of tongue and salivary gland or medulla?

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8
Q

Which nerves are affected by bell’s palsy?

A

facial nerves

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9
Q

where are the CN 3 & 4 nuclei?

A

midbrain

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10
Q

What are the names of cranial nerves 1-4?

A

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear

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11
Q

function of the somatosensory association area

A

determine exact shape and texture of an object by feeling it. storage of memories of past somatic sensory experiences which allows a person to compare then to current sensations

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12
Q

what is the foramen and destination of the vagus nerves?

A

foramen: jugular foramen
destination: medulla oblongata, respiratory/cardio and digestive organs

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13
Q

function of the orbitofrontal cortex

A

identify odors and to discriminate between odors

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14
Q

What do sensory associations areas do?

A

integrate sensory experiences to generate meaningful patterns of recognition and awareness

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15
Q

function of common integrative area

A

receives nerve impulses from sensory areas, the thalamus, and the brain stem and allows formation of thoughts based on a variety of sensory inputs

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16
Q

what are the number, function, and origin of the trochlear nerves?

A

4

function: controls the superior oblique eye muscle
origin: mesencephalon, mid brain

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17
Q

What are the three basal nuclei?

A

globus pallidus
putamen
caudate nucleus

glob+put=lentiform nucleus
lentiform+caud=corpus straitum

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18
Q

when do delta waves take place

A

in awake infants and deepest sleep

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19
Q

What is the number, function, and origin of the accessory nerves?

A

11

function: controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
origin: medulla oblongata

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20
Q

function of the primary auditory association area

A

recognize a particular sound as speech, music, or noise

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21
Q

definition of hemispheric lateralization

A

there are physiological differences and functional differences between the two brain hemispheres

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22
Q

what are the names of cranial nerves 9-12?

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

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23
Q

what are the foramen and destination of the oculomotor nerve

A

formen: superior orbital fissure
destination: extra-ocular eye muscles

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24
Q

The mandibular division’s function, origin, foramen, and destination?

A

function: controls mastication and middle ear muscle dampening loud noises
origin: lower gums, teeth, anterior 2/3 of tongue, lips, palate, and motor nuclei of pons
foramen: foramen ovale
destination: muscles of mastication and tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear

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25
Q

what are the foramen and destination of the vestibulocochlear nerves?

A

foramen: internal auditory meatus
destinationtion: pons and medulla oblongata

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26
Q

What is the number, function, and origin of the oculomotor nerve?

A

3

function: controls all extra-ocular eye muscles, except the superior oblique and lateral rectus
autonomic: cilliary muscles of the eyeball which adjusts for near vision. construction of pupil

origin: midbrain

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27
Q

what is anopia?

A

blindness due to a defect or a loss of one or both eyes

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28
Q

where are the CN 2 nuclei?

A

diencephalon

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29
Q

Which cranial nerves are motor function?

A

3, 4, 6, 11, 12

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30
Q

define projection tracts

A

contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS or the other way around Ex. internal capsule

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31
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

sharp cutting pain that lasts a few seconds to a minute

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32
Q

function of the wernicke’s area

A

interprets the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words

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33
Q

what is ansomia?

A

loss of sense of smell

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34
Q

what are the foramen and destination of the trochlear nerve?

A

foramen: superior orbital fissure
destination: superior oblique muscle

35
Q

what is the number, function, and origin of the facial nerves?

A

7
function:
sensory: sensations from face/taste
motor: controls muscles of the face and middle ear
autonomic motor: secreation of tears and saliva (S for secretion, S for 7)
origin: tastebuds (sensory) and pons (motor)

36
Q

Location of CN 1 nuclei?

A

telencephalon

37
Q

Where are the primary sensory areas for vision, hearing, taste, and smell?

A

vision-occipital lobe
auditory- temporal
taste (gustatory)- insula
smell- temporal

38
Q

What is the number, function, and origin of the olfactory nerve

A

1

function: smell sensory
origin: olfactory epithelium or cerebrum?

39
Q

define association tracts

A

contains axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the the same hemisphere

40
Q

when do beta waves take place

A

when the nervous system is active

41
Q

what is the number, function, and origin of the vagus nerves?

A

10
function: information from organs, taste from epiglottis and phaynx
motors (autonomic): constriction of respiratory passageways and decreases heart rate
origin: sensory: organs and motor: medulla oblongata

42
Q

What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular division

43
Q

function of the premotor area

A

deals with the learned motor activities of a complex and sequential nature. it generates nerve impulses that cause specific groups of muscles to contract in a specific sequence.

44
Q

What is the possible function of the claustrum?

A

involved in visual attention

45
Q

what is the number, function, and origin of the abducens nerve?

A

6

function: controls eye movements
origin: pons

46
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed function?

A

5, 7, 9, 10 (10975)

47
Q

what is strabismus?

A

both eyes do not fix on the same object, may turn inward or outward

48
Q

define commissural tracts

A

contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from one gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to the corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere

49
Q

What are the three types of brain injuries?

A

trauma, hypoxia, ischemia

50
Q

Patients with damage to the right hemisphere regions that correspond to the broca’s and wernicke’s areas in the left hemisphere do what

A

speak in monotone as they have lost their ability to import emotional inflection to what they say

51
Q

what brain wave type takes place during deep sleep?

A

sleep spindles

52
Q

function of the frontal eye area

A

voluntary scanning movements of the eyes

53
Q

what are the three important groups of commissural tracts?

A

corpus callosum, anterior commissure, posterior commissure

54
Q

Function of the facial recognition area and which side is more dominant

A

stores information about faces and allows you to recognize people by their faces
more dominant in the right hemisphere

55
Q

What are the maxillary division’s function, origin, foramen, and destination?

A

function: sensations from lower eyelid, upper lip, and cheek
origin: inferior eyelid, upper lip, gums, teeth, palate, and part of pharynx
foramen: foramen rotundum
destination: pons

56
Q

what connects the right and left hemisphere of the brain?

A

corpus callosum

57
Q

what type of brain wave takes place during deepest sleep?

A

delta

58
Q

where are the nuclei for CN 9, 10, 11, and 12?

A

medulla oblongata

59
Q

In what percentage of people is the broca’s area located on the left hemisphere?

A

97%

60
Q

people with damage to the left hemisphere often exhibit what

A

aphasia-no speech

61
Q

Electroencephalograms or EEGs are useful for studying

A

normal brain functions
brain disorders
brain death

62
Q

when do theta waves take place

A

in children and adults experiencing emotional stress and light sleep

63
Q

what happens when a person suffers a stroke in the wernicke’s area

A

person can still speak but cannot arrange words in a coherent way, aka word salad/fluent aphasia

64
Q

what is the foramen and destination of the optic nerve?

A

foramen: optic canal
destination: diencephalon then occipital lobe

65
Q

Which cranial nerves are sensory?

A

1, 2, 8

66
Q

where does the visual association area receive impulses from?

A

the primary visual area and the thalamus

67
Q

what are the foramen and destination of the accessory nerves?

A

foramen: jugular foramen
destination: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

68
Q

what are the names of the cranial nerves 5-8?

A

trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear

69
Q

What are the functions of the basal nuclei?

A

regulate the initiation and termination of movements
initiate and terminate some cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and planning
may act with limbic system to regulate emotional behaviors
subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles
globus pallidus helps regulate muscle tone

70
Q

what is the foramen and destination of the abducens nerve?

A

foramen: superior orbital fissure
destination: lateral rectus eye muscle

71
Q

what brain wave type happens during light sleep

A

theta

72
Q

What is the foramen and destination of facial nerves?

A

foramen: internal auditory meatus and stylomastoid foramen
destination: sensory: pons motors: muscles of the face

73
Q

damage to which nerves cause vertigo, ataxia (muscular incoordination), and tinnitus (ear ringing)

A

vestibulocochlear nerves

74
Q

what type of brain wave takes place during REM sleep?

A

Beta

75
Q

what structures are functionally linked to the basal nucei?

A

substantia nigra, subthalamic nuclei, and claustrum

76
Q

How many lobes of the cerebrum are there?

A

5

77
Q

What is the number, function, and origin of the vestibulocochlear nerves?

A

8

function: balance and hearing
origin: receptors of the vestibule and cochlea/pons

78
Q

What is the ophthalmic division’s function, origin, foramen, and destination?

A

function: sensations from forehead, upper eyelids, and nose
origin: forehead, lacrimal glands, superior eyelid, orbital structures, nasal cavity
formamen: superior orbital fissure
destination: pons

79
Q

functions of the left hemisphere

A

reasoning, numerical/scientific skills, spoken/written language, and ability to use and understand sign language

80
Q

The premotor area communicates with…

A

the primary motor cortex, sensory association areas in the parietal lobe, the basal nuclei, and the thalamus

81
Q

What number is the trigeminal nerve?

A

5

82
Q

What are the foramen and destination for the glossopharyngeal nerves?

A

foramen: jugular foramen
destination: medulla oblongata

83
Q

what is the foramen and destination of the olfactory nerve

A

foramen: olfactory formina in the cribiform plate
destination: olfactory bulbs, olfactory tract, and ends in the primary olfactory area in the temporal lobe

84
Q

function of the prefrontal cortex

A

the makeup of a person’s personality, intellect, complex learning abilities, recall of information, judgement, foresight, reasoning, conscience, mood, abstract thoughts. Basically anything that makes us human.

BIO 430 (37 decks)

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