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Parasitology lec > tapeworms > Flashcards

tapeworms Flashcards

1
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

COMMON NAME

A

Broad or Fish Tapeworm

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2
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

FH

A

Man (Dogs-resorvoir)

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3
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

HABITAT

A

Small Intestine (Ileum)

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4
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

1ST IH

A

Copepods

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5
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

2ND IH

A

Freshwater fish (salmon, trout, pike, ruff, etc.)
Larger predator fish (paratenic)

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6
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

INFECTIVE STAGE

A

Plerocercoid larva

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7
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Scolex

A
  • Almond-shaped
  • 2 long prominent sucking grooves/organ
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8
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

MOT

A

Ingestion of raw, undercooked or pickled freshwater fish

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9
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Proglottids

A

Wider than long (10-20 mm wide)

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10
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Mature proglottid

A
  • “rosette” uterus
  • presence of bilobed ovaries
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11
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Egg

A
  • Operculated
  • The eggs of D. latum are smaller and more symmetrical than P. westermani
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12
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Embryonation

A

8-12 days

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13
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Epidemiology

A

Northern Temperate Areas
Scandinavia, Finland, Japan, Europe, Chile and North America

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14
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

Treatment

A

Praziquantel

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15
Q

Taenia solium

COMMON NAME

A

Pork Tapeworm

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16
Q

Taenia solium

FH

A

Man

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17
Q

Taenia solium

HABITAT

A

Small Intestine

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18
Q

Taenia solium

1ST IH

A

Pigs, Humans (developed Cysticercosis)

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19
Q

Taenia solium

INFECTIVE STAGE

A
  • Cysticercus cellulosae (armed)
  • Embryonated egg (if Cysticercosis)
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20
Q

Taenia solium

Scolex

A
  • Globular (4 cup shaped suckers)
  • Armed Rostellum (Has 2 rows of approx. 25-30 hooklets)
  • Short Neck
  • 2-3 meters or up to 8 meters
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21
Q

Taenia solium

MOT

A
  • Consumption of contaminated undercooked pork (Measly Pork)
  • Ingestion of Egg (lead to cysticercosis)
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22
Q

Taenia solium

Proglottids

A

Square-like or squarish

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23
Q

Taenia solium

Mature proglottid

A
  • Trilobe ovary (2 prominent lobes; 1 small central lobe)
  • Uterus is connected to the genital pore.
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24
Q

Taenia solium

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • “finger-like” uterine branches (5-13)
  • Longer than wide
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25
Q

Taenia solium

Egg

A
  • Indistinguishable from the other Taenia spp. Eggs
  • Spherical brown and striated
  • Oncosphere with 6 hooklets (contains hexacanth embryo)
  • reported as Taenia egg, look for proglottids to identify species
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26
Q

Taenia solium

Embryonation

A

Embryonated

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27
Q

Taenia solium

Epidemiology

A

Worldwide distribution

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28
Q

Taenia solium

Treatment

A

Praziquantel or Niclosamide

Surgery for Cysticercosis
- Praziquantel and Albendazole

Criteria for cure
- Recovery of Scolex
- Negative stool examination 3 months after treatment

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29
Q

Taenia saginata

COMMON NAME

A

Beef Tapeworm

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30
Q

Taenia saginata

FH

A

Man

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31
Q

Taenia saginata

HABITAT

A

Small Intestine

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32
Q

Taenia saginata

1ST IH

A

Cattle

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33
Q

Taenia saginata

INFECTIVE STAGE

A

Cysticercus bovis

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34
Q

Taenia saginata

Scolex

A
  • Cuboidal
  • no rostellum
  • Whitish opaque
  • 4-10 meters or up to 25 meters
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35
Q

Taenia saginata

MOT

A

consumption of contaminated undercooked beef

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36
Q

Taenia saginata

Proglottids

A

More Proglottids compared to T. solium

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37
Q

Taenia saginata

Mature proglottid

A
  • Bilobed ovary
  • Reproductive organs are connected to the genital pore
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38
Q

Taenia saginata

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • Tree-like uterine segments (15-20)
  • Longer than wide
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39
Q

Taenia saginata

Egg

A
  • Indistinguishable from the other Taenia spp. Eggs
  • Spherical brown and striated
  • Oncosphere with 6 hooklets (contains hexacanth embryo)
    reported as Taenia egg, look for proglottids to identify species
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40
Q

Taenia saginata

Embryonation

A

Embryonated

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41
Q

Taenia saginata

Epidemiology

A
  • Worldwide distribution
  • more commonly reported here in the country
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42
Q

Taenia saginata

Treatment

A

Praziquantel or Niclosamide

Surgery for Cysticercosis
- Praziquantel and Albendazole

Criteria for cure
- Recovery of Scolex
- Negative stool examination 3 months after treatment

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43
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Common name

A

Dwarf tapeworm

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44
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Final Host

A

Rat

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45
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Accidental Host

A

Man

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46
Q

Hymenolepis nana

IH

A
  • Rice beetle/Tenebrio spp.
  • Fleas
  • flour beetles
  • rats/house mice (H.nana var. fraternal)

Note:
IH is not required (direct life cycle)

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47
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Infective Stage

A

Cysticercoid larva (indirect)
Eggs (direct)

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48
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Scolex

A
  • rhomboidal/subglobular
  • Short armed rostellum (retractable)
  • 1 row of hooks (20-30)
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49
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Proglottid

A

not recovered in stool because they undergo degeneration

50
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Mature Proglottid

A
  • broad than long
  • 3 ovoid testis and one ovary in between
51
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • broad than long
  • enlarged uterus containing eggs
52
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Strobilus

A

25 to 45mm

53
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Egg Shape

A

Spherical or subspherical (30 to 47 µm)

54
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Egg Color

A

colorless or clay-colored

55
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Egg Membrane

A
  • thin outer membrane
  • thick inner membrane
  • conspicuous bipolar thickenings
56
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Polar filaments

A
  • 4 to 8
  • Hair-like
  • embedded in the inner membrane
57
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Egg Other features

A

die immediately in environment

58
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Larva

A

Mature in 20 to 30 days after ingestion

59
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Treatment

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide

60
Q

Hymenolepis nana

Epidemiology

A

Tropical and subtropical climates (most common tapeworm in US)

61
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Common name

A

Rat tapeworm

62
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Final Host

A

Rat

63
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Accidental Host

A

Man

64
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

IH

A
  • Grain beetle
  • Flea
  • Cockroaches
  • Mealworms
  • earwigs
65
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Infective Stage

A

Cysticercoid larva

66
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Scolex

A
  • knob-shaped
  • Small unarmed rostellum
  • protrudes from the anterior end
67
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Proglottid

A

not recovered in stool because they undergo degeneration

68
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Mature Proglottid

A
  • broad than long
  • 3 ovoid testis and one ovary in between
69
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • broad than long
  • enlarged uterus containing eggs
70
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Strobilus

A

60cm

71
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Egg Shape

A

Circular (fried egg) (60 to 80 µm)

72
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Egg Color

A

bile-stained

73
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Egg Membrane

A
  • thin outer membrane
  • thick inner membrane
  • Not conspicuous bipolar thickenings
  • Striated
  • larger
74
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Polar filaments

A

none

75
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Egg Other features

A

Hooklets have a fan-like arrangement. (3 pairs)

76
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Larva

A

Mature in 3 weeks after ingestion

77
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Treatment

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide

78
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

Epidemiology

A

Worldwide

79
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Common name

A
  • Dog / Cat tapeworm
  • Pumpkin seed tapeworm
  • Flea tapeworm
  • Double-pored tapeworm
80
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Final Host

A

dogs/cats

81
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Accidental Host

A

Man

82
Q

Dipylidium caninum

IH

A

Dog and cat fleas:
- Ctenocephalides canis: dog
- Ctenocephalides felis: cat
- Pulex irritans: Human
- Trichodectes canis: Dog louse

83
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Infective Stage

A

cysticercoid larva

84
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Scolex

A
  • Small and globular (conical)
  • Protrusible armed rostellum
  • 1 - 7 rows hooks (thorn-shaped)
  • Scolex is also armed
85
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Proglottid

A

Pumpkin seed shape

86
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Mature Proglottid

A
  • 2 genital pores (Bilateral)
  • 2 sets of male and female reproductive organs
87
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • very large
  • pumpkin seed/cucumber shape
88
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Strobilus

A

10-70 cm

89
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Egg Shape

A

spherical

90
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Egg Membrane

A
  • Thin-shelled
  • In embryonic membrane packets
91
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Egg Other features

A
  • Egg packets (8-15 eggs)
  • Six-hooked oncosphere
92
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Treatment

A
  • Praziquantel
    -Niclosamide and Paromomycin
93
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Epidemiology

A

Worldwide

94
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Common name

A
  • Dog tapeworm
  • Hydatid tapeworm
95
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Final Host

A

Dogs/Wild Canine

96
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Accidental Host

A

Man

97
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

IH

A
  • Humans (dead end host)
  • Sheep
  • Goat
  • Horse
  • Camel
    Mechanical vectors
  • Birds
  • arthropods
98
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Infective Stage

A
  • Hydatid cyst
  • Eggs (in humans)
99
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Scolex

A
  • Pyriform (pear-shaped)
  • armed rostellum
  • 30 to 36 hooks
  • short neck
  • typically taeniid
  • 4 acetabula
100
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Proglottid

A

3 proglottids only

101
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Gravid Proglottid

A

largest proglottod

102
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Strobilus

A

3-6 mm
Composed of layers

103
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Egg Shape

A

Spherical and striated

104
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Egg Color

A

brown

105
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Egg Other features

A
  • Indistinguishable from the eggs of Taenia spp.
  • may be released inside or outside the host
106
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Larva

A
  • Diagnostic stage
  • See hydatid cyst table
107
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Treatment

A

Mebendazole, albendazole, and praziquante

108
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

Epidemiology

A

Middle East, Iraq

109
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Common name

A

Madagascar worm

110
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Final Host

A

brown rats in PH

111
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Accidental Host

A

Man

112
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

IH

A
  • Tribolium confosum (Flour beetle)
  • arthropods
113
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Infective Stage

A

Cysticercoid larva

114
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Scolex

A
  • Subglobular
  • armed rostellum
  • 2 alternating circular rows
    90-140 hooks (hammer-shaped)
  • 4 acetabula
115
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Mature Proglottid

A
  • bilobed ovary surrounded by 36 to 50 ovoid testes
  • Genital pore opens on the side
116
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Gravid Proglottid

A
  • “grains of rice” appearance
  • 200 to 400 egg capsules
117
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Strobilus

A

60 cm

118
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Egg Shape

A

spindle-shaped

119
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Egg Membrane

A
  • outer elongated membrane
  • inner spherical membrane
120
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Egg Other features

A

egg capsules (1-4 eggs)

121
Q

Raillietina garrisoni

Treatment

A

Praziquantel

Parasitology lec (24 decks)

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