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Parasitology lec > Order Pseudophyllidea and Order Cyclophyllidea > Flashcards

Order Pseudophyllidea and Order Cyclophyllidea Flashcards

1
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

other name

A

Dibothriocephalus latus

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2
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

COMMON NAME

A

Broad or Fish Tapeworm

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3
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

FH

A

Man

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4
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

reservoir
hosts

A

dogs

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5
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

HABITAT

A

Small Intestine (Ileum)

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6
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

order

A

Pseudophyllidea

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7
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

1ST IH

A

Copepods

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8
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

2ND IH

A

Freshwater fish (salmon, trout, pike, ruff, etc.)

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9
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

INFECTIVE STAGE

A

Plerocercoid larva

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10
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

MOT

A

Ingestion of raw, undercooked or
pickled freshwater fish

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11
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

common in:

A

fish-eating countries such as Europe

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12
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

largest known parasite in man

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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13
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Humans get the infection by ingesting fish containing
_________.

A

plerocercoid larva

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14
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Larvae are released and become adults in the _________

A

small intestine

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15
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Adult worms will mature, having proglottids, also containing eggs, released in the ____.

A

stool

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16
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

the eggs are immature when released, and
embryonate in ____

A

water

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17
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Time of embryonation in fresh water

A

8-12 days

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18
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

____ are released, and will be ingested by
copepods.

A

Coracidia

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19
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

The Coracidia will become a __________

In the Copepod

A

procercoid larva

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20
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Procercoid larva develops into ____________.

In the Freshwater Fish:

A

plerocercoid larva

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21
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Copepods are ingested by the ______

In the Copepod

A

freshwater fish

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22
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

Large fishes may serve as a _________. = ingested larva would not develop and remain as plerocercoid larva in the predator fish.

In the Freshwater Fish:

A

paratenic host

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23
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Life Cycle

From there, the predator fish would be ingested by _________ to get the infection.

In the Freshwater Fish:

A

humans

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24
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphology

Shape

Scolex

A

almond-shaped

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25
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphology

sucking
grooves/organ

Scolex

A
  • 2
  • long, prominent
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26
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphology

size

Proglottids

A

10-20 millimeters
wide
(Wider than long)

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27
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphologyv

uterus

Proglottids

A

“rosette”

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28
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Morphology

presence of

Proglottids

A

bilobed ovaries

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29
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Egg

A

Operculated, immature when released.

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30
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Egg

Due to the presence of operculum, it may be
mistaken for ___________ egg

A

Paragonimus westermani

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31
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Egg

The eggs of D. latum are
________ and ________ than P. westermani

A

smaller and more symmetrical

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32
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection

Effects of Diphyllobothriasis

A
  • Asymptomatic in most cases
  • Obstruction, diarrhea or anemia have been reported
  • Non specific abdominal symptoms
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33
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection

The manifestation of the symptom would depend on the ________

Asymptomatic in most cases

A

worm burden or intensity of infection

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34
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection

Anemia would be due to ________

A

B12
malabsorption

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35
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection

The infected person would have adeficiency on vitamin B12 which
can lead to ________

A

Bothriocephalus
anemia

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36
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection

Bothriocephalus anemia may be
mistaken for ____________

A

pernicious anemia

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37
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Epidemiology

Occurs in the __________ where raw, pickled or inadequately cooked fish are eaten

A

Northern Temperate Areas

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38
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Disease/Infection

Note that the RBC of pernicious
anemia are __________

A

enlarged
(megaloblastic anemia)

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39
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Epidemiology

Endemic Foci include:

A

Scandinavia, Finland, Japan,
Europe, Chile and North America

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40
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Diagnosis

A
  • Demonstration of Eggs
  • Demonstration of Proglottids
  • Travel History and Diet
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41
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Diagnosis

Demonstration of Eggs:

A
  • FECT
  • Kato-Katz
  • DFS
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42
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Diagnosis

Proglottids can be recovered where?

A

stool

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43
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Diagnosis

Fond of eating _________, has visited countries, may suggest Diphyllobothriasis

Travel History and Diet

A

raw/undercooked freshwater fish

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44
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Prevention and control

A

● Cook fish well
● Store fish properly
● Environmental sanitation
● Health Education

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45
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Prevention and control

Temp that kills the plerocercoid larva

A

-18C

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46
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: Treatment

A

Praziquantel

47
Q

Taenia spp.:

A

● Taenia solium
● Taenia saginata
● Taenia saginata asiatica

48
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

Common Name

A

Pork Tapeworm

49
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

Final Host

A

Man

50
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

Habitat

A

Small Intestine

51
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

Intermediate Host

A

Pigs, Humans

52
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

Humans may become an
intermediate host especially if the patient developed ________

A

Cysticercosis

53
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

Infective Stage

A
  • Cysticercus cellulosae (Armed)
  • Embryonated egg (in Cysticercosis)
54
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

MOT

A
  • Consumption of contaminated undercooked pork
  • Ingestion of Egg
55
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

contaminated
undercooked pork is also called?

A

“Measly Pork”

56
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

contaminated
undercooked pork contains ____________

A

cysticercus
cellulosae larva

57
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

Ingestion of Egg will lead to

A

cysticercosis

58
Q

Taenia spp: Taenia solium

Patients who develop this would
have the larva deposited in different parts of their body.)

A

cysticercosis

59
Q

Taenia solium: Morphology

Scolex

Adult

A

Globular
(4 cup shaped suckers)

60
Q

Taenia solium: Morphology

Rostellum

Adult

A

Armed
(Has 2 rows of approx.
25-30 hooklets)

60
Q

Taenia solium: Morphology

Neck

Adult

A

Short

61
Q

Taenia solium: Morphology

length

Adult

A

2-3 meters or up to 8 meters

62
Q

Taenia solium: Morphology

shape

Proglottids

A

Square-like or squarish

63
Q

Taenia solium: Morphology

ovary

Mature Proglottid

A

Trilobe
(2 prominent lobes; 1
small central lobe)

64
Q

Taenia solium: Morphology

Uterus is connected to the _______

Mature Proglottid

A

genital pore

65
Q

Taenia solium: Morphology

Gravid Proglottid

Proglottids

A

Presence of 5-13 lateral “finger-like”
uterine branches

66
Q

Taenia solium: Eggs

__________ from the other Taenia spp. eggs

A

Indistinguishable

67
Q

Taenia solium: Eggs

Appearance

A

Spherical brown and striated

68
Q

Taenia solium: Eggs

Parts:

A
  • Oncosphere with 6 hooklets
  • hexacanth embryo
68
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

Humans get the infection by the ingestion of the measly pork, containing the _________.

A

cysticercus larva

69
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

The cysticercus larva is released and will mature in the _________ to become adult worms.

A

small intestine

69
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

The proglottids and the eggs (released by adult worms) will be found in the ________.

A

stool sample

70
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

In order for the life cycle to continue, the pigs will ingest the _______ and _________

A

proglottids and the eggs

71
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

What kind of larva is released from the egg

A

hexacanth larva

72
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

The _________ will penetrate the intestinal wall and
find its way to the muscle.

A

oncosphere

73
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

The oncosphere will become _______ in the pig’s muscle.

A

cysticercus

74
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

If humans accidentally ingest the embryonated egg, they will
become an __________ in the life cycle.

A

intermediate host

74
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

The ingested egg will then release the oncosphere containing hexacanth embryo, which will be deposited in what different vital organs?

A

Brain, muscle, eyes

75
Q

Taenia solium: Life Cycle

the pathology associated cysticercosis is because of the ______

A

larva

75
Q

Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations

Usually asymptomatic

A

Taeniasis solium

76
Q

Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations

May experience vague abdominal discomfort, hunger pangs, chronic indigestion

A

Taeniasis solium

77
Q

Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations

More severe

A

Cysticercosis

78
Q

Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations

Accidental ingestion of T. solium ____

Cysticercosis

A

eggs

79
Q

Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations

Infection via autoinfection is possible.

A

Cysticercosis

79
Q

Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations

Deposition of _________ in different
parts of the body

Cysticercosis

A

oncosphere (larva)

80
Q

Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations

Larva can be deposited in _______ muscles

Cysticercosis

A

skeletal

81
Q

Taenia solium: Pathology and Manifestations

If travels to the brain, it may lead to ________: most common parasitic disease of CNS, can lead to death.

Cysticercosis

A

Neurocysticercosis

82
Q

Taenia solium: Epidemiology

relates to the prevalence of the disease:

A
  • Eating habits
  • Religious beliefs (muslims vs non-muslims)
  • Cases of cysticercosis
83
Q

Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata

Common Name

A

Beef Tapeworm

84
Q

Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata

Final Host

A

Human

84
Q

Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata

Habitat

A

Small Intestine

85
Q

Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata

Intermediate Host

A

Cattle

86
Q

Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata

Mode of
Transmission

A

consumption of contaminated
undercooked beef

cysticercosis

No occurrence of

86
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

color

A

Whitish opaque

86
Q

Taenia spp.: Taenia saginata

Infective Stage

A

Cysticercus bovis

87
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

scolex shape

A

cuboidal

88
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

type of tapeworm

A

true tapeworm

89
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

rostellum

A

none

90
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

Length

A

4-10 meters in length; up to 25 meters

91
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

ovary

Mature Proglottids

A

Bilobed

91
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

Produce more _____ compared to T. solium

A

Proglottids

92
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

Reproductive organs are connected to the
________

Mature Proglottids

A

genital pore

93
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

Longer than _____

Gravid proglottids

A

wide

94
Q

Taenia saginata: Adult Morphology

Uterine segments appearance

A

Tree-like
(15-20 uterine
branches)

94
Q
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Q
A
96
Q
A
97
Q
A
97
Q
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97
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98
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99
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A
99
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A

Parasitology lec (24 decks)

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