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Parasitology lec > flukes > Flashcards

flukes Flashcards

1
Q

S. japonicum

Common Name

A

Oriental Blood Fluke

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2
Q

S. japonicum

Reservoir host

A

Humans and other mammals (dogs,pigs, cats, carabaos, rodents, monkeys)

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3
Q

S. japonicum

Habitat

A

Superior mesenteric vein of the small intestine

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4
Q

S. japonicum

IH

A

Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi

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5
Q

S. japonicum

Adult Stages size

A

Largest

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6
Q

S. japonicum

Location of Ovary

A

Middle (pyramidal)

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7
Q

S. japonicum

Egg Production

A

Greatest (3000 eggs per worm pair per day)

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8
Q

S. japonicum

Integumentary Tuberculations

A

None

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9
Q

S. japonicum

Eggs

A

Oval with recurved hook or lateral knob
Smallest

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10
Q

S. japonicum

Testes

A

6-8
Arranged in a single file

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11
Q

Life span

A

up to 30 years

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12
Q

Schistosomes

Final host

A

Human

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13
Q

Schistosomes

Infective stage

A

Forked tail cercaria

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14
Q

Schistosomes

MOT

A

Skin penetration

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15
Q

S. japonicum

Disease

A
  • Oriental Schistosomiasis
  • Snail Fever
  • Schistomiasis japonica
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16
Q

S. japonicum

Location

A

Asia
- China
- Indonesia
- Japan
- Phillipines

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17
Q

S. mansoni

Common Name

A

Manson’s Blood Fluke

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18
Q

S. mansoni

Reservoir host

A

Humans, non-human primates

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19
Q

S. mansoni

Habitat

A

Inferior mesenteric vein of the colon

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20
Q

S. mansoni

IH

A

Biomphalaria

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21
Q

S. mansoni

Adult Stages size

A

Smallest

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22
Q

S. mansoni

Location of Ovary

A

Anterior 1/2

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23
Q

S. mansoni

Egg Production

A

190-200 eggs/day

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24
Q

S. mansoni

Integumentary Tuberculations

A

Prominent
rough

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25
Q

S. mansoni

Eggs

A

Eliptical with lateral spine

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26
Q

S. mansoni

Testes

A

8-9
arranged in a zigzag row

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27
Q

S. mansoni

Disease

A

Intestinal Bilharziasis

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28
Q

S. mansoni

Location

A

Africa and in some parts of South
- America
- Africa
- Madagascar
- West indies
- Suriname
- Brazil
- Venezuela

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29
Q

S. mansoni

Treatment

A

Praziquantel

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30
Q

S. haematobium

Common Name

A

Vesical Blood Fluke

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31
Q

S. haematobium

Reservoir host

A

Humans

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32
Q

S. haematobium

Habitat

A

Vesical, prostatic, uterine plexuses of the venous circulation

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33
Q

S. haematobium

IH

A

Bulinus

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34
Q

S. haematobium

Adult Stages

A

medium

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35
Q

S. japonicum

Treatment

A

Praziquantel

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36
Q

S. haematobium

Location of Ovary

A

Posterior 1/2

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37
Q

S. haematobium

Egg Production

A

30 eggs/day

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38
Q

S. haematobium

Integumentary Tuberculations

A

Fine

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39
Q

S. haematobium

Eggs

A

Eliptical with terminal spine

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40
Q

S. haematobium

Testes

A

4-5
arranged in groups.

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41
Q

S. haematobium

Disease

A
  • Urinary Bilharziasis
  • Egyptian Hematuria
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42
Q

S. haematobium

Location

A

Middle East
- Africa
- Middle east
- India
- Portugal

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43
Q

S. haematobium

Treatment

A

Praziquantel
Metrifonate

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44
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Common Name

A

Oriental Lung Fluke

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45
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Final Host

A

Humans

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46
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Reservoir Host

A

Dogs, cats, field rats
(Paratenic host - Boars and Pigs)

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47
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Habitat

A

Lungs

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48
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Life span

A

20 years

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49
Q

Paragonimus westermani

1st Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Antemelania/Brotia asperata
  • Antemelania dactylus
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50
Q

Paragonimus westermani

2nd Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Sundathelphusa philippina/Parathelphusa grapsoides (freshwater crab)
  • cray fish. (in other countries)
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51
Q

Paragonimus westermani

MOT

A

Ingestion of undercooked crabs

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52
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Body color

A

Reddish brown

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53
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Body Shape

A

coffee bean shaped

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54
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Tegument

A

tegument is covered by spines
(Found in pairs or threes,enclosed in fibrotic capsules of the lungs)

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55
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Intestinal Ceca

A

Wavy

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56
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Testes

A

lobed
opposite

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57
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Ovary

A

Lobed (6 long unbranched lobes)

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58
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Embryonation

A

2-3 weeks up to 7 weeks
(moist soil or water)

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59
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Egg color

A

golden brown

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60
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Egg distinct features

3

A
  • abopercular thickening; opposite to operculum
  • opercular shoulder; on the edge of the operculum
  • Wide flat operculum thickening
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61
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Epidemiology

A

Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, China and the Philippines

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62
Q

Paragonimus westermani

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel
Bithionol (Alternative)

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63
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Common Name

A

Giant Intestinal Fluke

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64
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Final Host

A

Humans

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65
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Reservoir Host

A

Dogs, pigs, and Rabbit

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66
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Habitat

A

Duodenum and Jejunum (Small Intestine)

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67
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Size

A

Largest Intestinal Fluke of Man

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68
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Life span

A

1year

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69
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

1st Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Genus Segmentina
  • Genus Hippeutis
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70
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

2nd Intermediate Host

5

A
  • Trapa bicornis (water caltrop)
  • Eliocharis tuberosa (water chestnut)
  • Ipomea aquatica (water morning glory)
  • Ipomea obscura (kangkong)
  • Nymphaea lotus (lotus)
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71
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

MOT

A

Ingestion of undercooked/raw water plants

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72
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Body color

A

Flesh-colored

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73
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Body Shape

A

Elongated and oval in shape

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74
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Tegument

A

No spines

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75
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Sucker

A

Ventral sucker is larger than the oral sucker

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76
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Intestinal Ceca

A

simple

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77
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Testes

A
  • Dendritic
  • in tandem
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78
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Ovary

A

Branched

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79
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Embryonation

A

3 to 7 weeks.
(freshwater)

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80
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Egg color

A

Light brown

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81
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Egg distinct features

3

A
  • Large
  • Indistinguishable from Fasciola; hence, if reported, it’s reported as Fascoplopsis/Fasciola
  • Hen’s egg appearance
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82
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Epidemiology

A

South East Asia, China, Korea, India and Bangladesh

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83
Q

Fasciolopsis buski

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

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84
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Common Name

A

Garrison’s Fluke

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85
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Final Host

A

Humans

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86
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Reservoir Host

A

Dogs, Pigs, Cats, Rats (important)

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87
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Habitat

A

Small Intestine

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88
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Size

A

Smaller than F. buski

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89
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Life span

A

1 year

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90
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

1st Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Gyrraulus convexiusculus
  • Hippeutis umbilicalis
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91
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

2nd Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Pila luzonica (kuhol)
  • Vivipara angularis (susong pampang)
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92
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

MOT

A

Ingestion of Snail

93
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Body color

A

Reddish gray

94
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Body Shape

A

tapers at the posterior end

95
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Tegument

A

Plaque-like scales, scaley tegument

96
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Sucker

2

A
  • Characteristic circumoral disk
    (49-51 collar spines)
  • Ventral sucker is larger than the oral sucker
97
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Intestinal Ceca

98
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Testes

A
  • deeply bilobed
  • in tandem
99
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Ovary

100
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Embryonation

A

6-15 days
(freshwater)

101
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Egg color

A

Straw colored

102
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Egg distinct features

3

A
  • Smaller than F. buski
  • Less prominent operculum; dot like in appearance
  • ovoid
103
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Epidemiology

A

Northern luzon, leyte, samar, provinces in the philippines

104
Q

Echinostoma ilocanum

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

105
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Common Name

A

Von Siebold’s Fluke

106
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Final Host

A

Man, birds, various fish eating mammals

107
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Reservoir Host

A

Dogs, Cats and Birds

108
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Habitat

A

Small Intestine

109
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Size

A

Smallest fluke of man

110
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Life span

111
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

1st Intermediate Host

3

A

Freshwater, brackish water or marine species
- Pironella: H. heterophyes
- Melania juncea: H. taichui
- Semisulcospira: M. yokogawai

112
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

2nd Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Fresh, brackish and salt water fish; (tilapia)
  • Mugil cephalus - mullet (for H. heterophyes)
113
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

MOT

A

Ingestion fo fish

114
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Body Shape

A

Elongated, oval or pyriform, pear

115
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Tegument

A

Fine Scale Like Spines

116
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Sucker

A

third sucker (GONOTYL)

117
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Testes

A
  • Lobed
  • varied
118
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Ovary

119
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Embryonation

A

Embryonated (unique characteristic) once released

120
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Egg color

A

Light brown

121
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Egg distinct features

3

A
  • Very small eggs
  • H. heterophes and M. yokogawai have similar appearance
  • ovoid
122
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Epidemiology

A

Egypt, Greece, Israel, Western India, Central and South China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Philippines

123
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

124
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Common Name

A

Pancreatic Fluke

125
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Final Host

A

Hogs, sheep, goat, cattle
Accidental - humans

126
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Habitat

A

Biliary Ducts and Pancreatic Ducts

127
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

1st Intermediate Host

A

Macrochlamys indica

128
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

2nd Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Technomyrmex deterquens (ant)
  • Grasshoppers; crickets
129
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

MOT

A

Ingestion of ants

130
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Body Shape

A

Leaf shaped

131
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Tegument

A

ruffled border or body margin

132
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Sucker

A

Ventral sucker is larger than the oral sucker

133
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Testes

A
  • 2 notched testis
  • in-tandem,
134
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Ovary

A

1 notched ovary

135
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Embryonation

A

Embryonated once released

136
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Egg color

137
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Egg distinct features

A

Same with Dicrocoelium dendriticum, it has a thickened shell

138
Q

Eurytrema pancreaticum

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

139
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Common Name

2

A
  • Sheep Liver Fluke
  • Temperate Liver Fluke
140
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Final Host

A

Sheep, cattle, and other herbivores
Humans (occasional)

141
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Habitat

A

Biliary passages of the liver

142
Q

Fasciola hepatica

1st Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Lymnaea philippinensis
  • Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa
143
Q

Fasciola hepatica

2nd Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Ipomea obscura (kangkong)
  • Nasturtium officinale (watercress)
144
Q

Fasciola hepatica

MOT

A

Ingestion of undercooked or raw aquatic plants

145
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Body

A
  • Large, broad, and flat body (larger than gigantica)
  • Longer cephalic cone
  • Prominent shoulders
146
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Intestinal Ceca

A

highly branched

147
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Testes

A

highly branched
In-tandem

148
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Ovary

149
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Embryonation

150
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Egg distinct features

2

A
  • Large, ovoidal
  • matter of reporting would be Fasciola egg
151
Q

Fasciola hepatica

IH in other countries

3

A
  • Lymnaea truncatula (Europe and North Asia)
  • L. bulmoides (North America)
  • L. tomentosa (Australia);
  • Planorbida
152
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Egg color

153
Q

Fasciola hepatica

Drug of choice

A

Triclabendazole
Bithionol

154
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Common Name

2

A
  • Tropical Liver Fluke
  • Giant liver fluke
155
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Final Host

A

Sheep, cattle, and other herbivores
Humans (occasional)

156
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Habitat

A

Biliary passages of the liver

157
Q

Fasciola gigantica

1st Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Lymnaea philippinensis
  • Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa
158
Q

Fasciola gigantica

2nd Intermediate Host

2

A
  • Ipomea obscura (kangkong)
  • Nasturtium officinale (watercress)
159
Q

Fasciola gigantica

MOT

A

Ingestion of undercooked or raw aquatic plants

160
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Body

3

A
  • Longer but narrower
  • Shorter cephalic cone
  • Less developed shoulders
161
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Intestinal Ceca

A

highly branched

162
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Testes

A

highly branched
In-tandem

163
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Ovary

A

Branched
(longer and more numerous)

164
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Embryonation

165
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Egg color

166
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Egg distinct features

2

A
  • Bigger
  • matter of reporting would be Fasciola egg
167
Q

Fasciola gigantica

1st IH in other countries

3

A
  • L. auricularia (Asia)
  • L. acuminata (Indian Subcontinent)
  • L. natalensis (Africa)
168
Q

Fasciola gigantica

Drug of choice

A

Triclabendazole
Bithionol

169
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Common Name

A

Chinese/Oriental Liver Fluke
(most important)

170
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Final Host

171
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Reservoir Host

A

Cats, Dogs, Pigs, and other mammals

172
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Habitat

A

Bile ducts and bile passages, pancreatic duct, can also be found in the gallbladder

173
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

1st Intermediate Host

6

A
  • Parafossarulus (P. manchouricus, P. anomalospiralis, and P. stratulus)
  • Bulinus (B. striatulus)
  • Semisulcospira
  • Alocinma (A. longicornis)
  • Thiara (T. granifera)
  • Melanoides (M. tuberculatus)
174
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

2nd Intermediate Host

2

A
  • freshwater fish (Cyprinidae)
  • freshwater shrimp
175
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

MOT

A

Ingestion of raw or undercooked fish

176
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Body

3

A
  • Flat, transparent,
  • attenuated anteriorly, and rounded posteriorly
  • oral sucker is very large
177
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Intestinal Ceca

178
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Testes

A

deeply branched
In-tandem

179
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Ovary

180
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Embryonation

A

Embryonated when released

181
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Egg color

A

Yellowish brown

182
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Egg distinct features

4

A
  • Distinct convex operculum
  • Presence of abopercular protruberance (comma-shaped hooklike structure)
  • Old fashioned bulb or pitcher
  • Indistinguishable from other species
183
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Epidemiology

A

Endemic in china, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

184
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

185
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Common Name

A

Cat Liver Fluke

186
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Final Host

187
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Reservoir Host

A

Cats, Dogs, Pigs, and other mammals

188
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Habitat

A

Bile ducts and bile passages, pancreatic duct, can also be found in the gallbladder

189
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

1st Intermediate Host

190
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

2nd Intermediate Host

A

Cyprinidae and Cobitidae

191
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

MOT

A

Ingestion of raw or undercooked fish

192
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Body

A

reddish brown

193
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Intestinal Ceca

194
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Testes

A

Lobed
In-tandem (oblique)

195
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Ovary

196
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Embryonation

A

Embryonated when released

197
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Egg color

A

Yellowish brown

198
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Egg distinct features

4

A
  • Distinct convex operculum
  • Presence of abopercular protruberance (comma-shaped hooklike structure)
  • Old fashioned bulb or pitcher
  • Indistinguishable from other species
199
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Epidemiology

A

Endemic in china, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

200
Q

Opisthorchis felineus

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

201
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Common Name

A

Southeast Asian liver fluke

202
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Final Host

203
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Reservoir Host

A

Cats, Dogs, Pigs, and other mammals

204
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Habitat

A

Bile ducts and bile passages, pancreatic duct, can also be found in the gallbladder

205
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

1st Intermediate Host

206
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

2nd Intermediate Host

A

Cyprinidae and Cobitidae

207
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

MOT

A

Ingestion of raw or undercooked fish

208
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Body

A

ventral sucker is larger

209
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Intestinal Ceca

210
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Testes

A

Lobed (deeply)

211
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Ovary

A

Lobed (deeply)

212
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Embryonation

A

Embryonated when released

213
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Egg color

A

Yellowish brown

214
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Egg distinct features

4

A
  • Distinct convex operculum
  • Presence of abopercular protruberance (comma-shaped hooklike structure)
  • Old fashioned bulb or pitcher
  • Indistinguishable from other species
215
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Epidemiology

A

Thailand, Laos, Malaysia

216
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

217
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Common Name

2

A
  • Lanceolate Fluke
  • Lancet Fluke
218
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Final Host

A

Herbivores (Ruminants)
Humans

219
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Habitat

220
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

1st Intermediate Host

A

Cionella lubrica
Slime balls - accumulated cercaria

221
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

2nd Intermediate Host

A

Formica fusca (ants)

222
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

MOT

A

Ingestion of undercooked or raw aquatic plants

223
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Body

A

Blade-like; lancet like
Aspinous

224
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Intestinal Ceca

225
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Testes

A

found in the anterior third

226
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Embryonation

A

Embryonated when released

227
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Egg distinct features

2

A
  • thick shelled
    large operculum
  • Similar to eggs of pancreatic fluke
228
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

229
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Egg color

A

Dark brown

Parasitology lec (24 decks)

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