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Strongyloides stercoralis Flashcards

1
Q

Common name

A

Thread worm

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2
Q

A ____ Transmitted Helminth

A

Soil

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3
Q

The smallest nematode of man

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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4
Q

Rarer than _____

A

hookworms

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4
Q

A ______ Parasite (both parasitic and Free-living)

A

Facultative

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5
Q

Usually seen among ______ patients

A
  • elderly
  • Immunocompromised
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6
Q

Forms: ____ are rarely seen

A

Eggs

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7
Q

Eggs will already hatch in the _________

A

small intestine

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8
Q

Possible although rare: Eggs can be recovered in severe cases; will be seen ___________ in appearance

A

‘chinese lantern’

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9
Q

____ worms will only be seen in the
free-living cycle

A

Male

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10
Q

Only _____ worms are recovered in
humans

A

Female

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11
Q

Females are capable of fertilizing their own
eggs

A

Parthenogenetic

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12
Q

MOT

A

arval penetration

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13
Q

HABITAT

A

small intestine

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14
Q

INFECTIVE STAGE

A

L3 filariform larva

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15
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Male and Female worm undergo ______

Free-Living Phase

A

reproduction

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16
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

____ are produced by fertilized female worms

Free-Living Phase

A

Eggs

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17
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Eggs will embryonate in the ____

Free-Living Phase

A

soil

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18
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Eggs will hatch to release the ______

Free-Living Phase

A

L1 Larva

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19
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

L1 Larva becomes an ___ Larva, eventually, it will then become ___

Free-Living Phase

A
  • L3
  • L4
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20
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Forms a new generation of adults

Free-Living Phase

A

L4

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21
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

In some unfavorable conditions, the _______ can be the infective form of filariform

Free-Living Phase

A

L1 Larva

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22
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Presence of Infective Filariform larvae = start of the ________

Free-Living Phase

A

parasitic phase

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23
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Infective _______ penetrates a susceptible host

Parasitic Phase

A

L3 Larva

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24
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Once inside the host, it undergo ________

Parasitic Phase

A

Heart-Lung Migration

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25
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

After migrating, larva matures in the___________

Parasitic Phase

A

small intestine.

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26
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Larva matures to a _______ worm in the small intestine

Parasitic Phase

A

female

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27
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Female worm will undergo _________ to fertilize
its own eggs

Parasitic Phase

A

Parthenogenesis

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28
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Eggs are released by the female worm to be burrowed
in the ___________

Parasitic Phase

A

small intestine

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29
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Once in the lining, ____ will mature, and larva will be released

Parasitic Phase

30
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Larva will be recovered in the ______

Parasitic Phase

31
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

L1 can possibly be _______ the small intestine

Parasitic Phase

32
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

f there is transformation form L1 → L3, there is the possibility of _________

Parasitic Phase

A

autoinfection

33
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

. L3 can penetrate in the ____________.

Parasitic Phase

A

intestinal mucosa

34
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

plenty of worms and larval stages in the intestine leading to
disseminating infections

Parasitic Phase

A

Hyperinfection

35
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

common in elderly and
immunocompromised patients which can be life-threatening

Parasitic Phase

A

Hyperinfection

36
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

L1 Larva is more commonly recovered in ____, sometimes L3

Parasitic Phase

37
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

_______ is possible

Parasitic Phase

A

Recurrence

38
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Life Cycle

Life cycle can last for a _____ period of time

Parasitic Phase

39
Q

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN L1 LARVA OF HOOKWORMS AND STRONGYLOIDES SPP

short and stout

40
Q

longer buccal cavity

41
Q

less prominent genital
primordium

42
Q

long and slender

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

43
Q

short buccal cavity

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

44
Q

prominent genital
primordium

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

45
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: L3 Larva

Take note of the posterior which has a _________ tail

A

notched or Forked

46
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: L3 Larva

Larva is _______

A

unsheathed

47
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

There are many cases of strongyloides in
________

Vietnam Diarrhea/Cochin China Diarrhea

48
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

Many cases seen among ______, whereas when they went back to US, they experience its disease manifestation

Vietnam Diarrhea/Cochin China Diarrhea

A

American soldiers

49
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

Described to be as ________ diarrhea

Vietnam Diarrhea/Cochin China Diarrhea

A

Intermittent

50
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

Due to parasites burrowing into the small intestine to lay eggs, the lining of the intestine

A

Honeyform appearance of intestinal mucosa

51
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

Affecting the lungs and gastrointestinal tract

A

Hyperinfection and Dissemination

52
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

Manifestations can reoccur throughout the years; since infection can last for many years

A

Hyperinfection and Dissemination

53
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

Due to skin penetrating larva

A

Larva Currens

54
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

Can also be found near the buttocks and
inguinal areas

A

Larva Currens

55
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Pathology

attributed to the migrating larva
(heart-lung migration)

A

Pneumonitis

56
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Diagnosis

Both to recover larval stages

A
  • FECT
  • Baermann Technique
57
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Diagnosis

To obtain duodenal material

A

Baele’s String
Test/Enterotest

58
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Diagnosis

recovery of larvae

A

Harada Mori Test

58
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Diagnosis

Examine larva during
migration

59
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Diagnosis

Agar Plate Culture wherein
you will put the _____
on the blood agar plate.

Agar Plate Culture/Method

A

fecal matter

60
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Diagnosis

If there is larva in the fecal
matter, the larva will tend to
move to the surface carrying
the _______ on the feces

Agar Plate Culture/Method

61
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Diagnosis

After incubation, Trails of
__________ on the agar plate because the bacteria are carried by the larva as it moves through the surface

Agar Plate Culture/Method

A

bacterial colonies

61
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Treatment

A

Ivermectin with albendazole

62
Q

TO DISTINGUISH HOOKWORM OR STRONGYLOIDES INFECTION

IF Abundant larval stages
in fresh specimen

A

Strongyloides infection

63
Q

TO DISTINGUISH HOOKWORM OR STRONGYLOIDES INFECTION

IF Presence of primarily
eggs in the fresh
specimen

A

Hookworm infection

64
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Epidemiology

Less _______ as compared to hookworms

65
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Epidemiology

Most cases are _____

A

asymptomatic

66
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis: Epidemiology

Disseminated and Hyperinfection are common among
________

A

immunocompromised

67
Q

Other Strongyloides species:

Seen Central Africa

A

Strongyloides fulleborni

68
Q

Other Strongyloides species:

“Swollen belly” sickness

A

Strongyloides fulleborni

69
Q

Other Strongyloides species:

Can affect monkeys and humans

A

Strongyloides fulleborni

70
Q

Other Strongyloides species:

Causing swimmer’s itch, swamp itch

A

Zoonotic Strongyloides

71
Q

Other Strongyloides species:

Zoonotic Strongyloides:

A
  • S. myopotami
  • S. procyanis (raccons)

Parasitology lec (24 decks)

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