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Parasitology lec > Introductory Concepts of Parasitology 2 > Flashcards

Introductory Concepts of Parasitology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Living together of unlike organisms

A

SYMBIOSIS

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2
Q

Refers to the association of two species for food and shelter

A

SYMBIOSIS

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3
Q

a symbiotic relationship in
which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other

Symbiosis

A

Commensalism

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4
Q

Denotes an association that is beneficial to one partner and
at least not disadvantageous to the other

Symbiosis

A

Commensalism

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5
Q

Entamoeba coli lives in the lumen of the intestine

SYMBIOSIS

A

Commensalism

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6
Q

Occurs when associations are beneficial to both organisms

Symbiosis

A

Mutualism

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7
Q

a symbiosis in which two organisms
mutually benefit from each other

Symbiosis

A

Mutualism

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8
Q

Termites and Flagellates in their digestive system, which
aids in the breakdown of ingested wood by synthesizing
cellulase

Symbiosis

A

Mutualism

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9
Q

symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the
host

Symbiosis

A

Parasitism

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10
Q

Necessarily involves an intimate relationship between the two species (Close and prolonged contact)

Symbiosis

A

Parasitism

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11
Q

Entamoeba histolytica, which derives nutrition from
the human host and causes amebic dysentery.

Symbiosis

A

Parasitism

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12
Q

“To carry”

A

Phoresis

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13
Q

In Phoresis, No physiologic interaction is involved between the ____ and _______

A

host and
phoront

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14
Q

In Phoresis, host is a _____________

A

mechanical vector

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15
Q

An area of biology that deals with the dependence of one
organism on another

A

PARASITOLOGY

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16
Q

The study of parasites, its hosts, and their relationships

A

Parasitology

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17
Q

concerned primarily with
parasites of humans and
their medical significance,
as well as their importance
in human communities

A

Medical Parasitology

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18
Q

Where can you find parasites

A

Mostly in poor, developing countries

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18
Q

Millions of people are affected worldwide

A

PARASITES

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19
Q

NTDs meaning

A

Neglected tropical diseases

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20
Q

Characteristics of Parasitic Disease

A
  • Prevalence in developing countries; in lower socioeconomic population
  • Low mortality and morbidity
  • Limited drug development
  • No current vaccines
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21
Q

Species which harbors the parasite

A

HOST

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22
Q

The organism that provides physical protection and nourishment to the parasite

A

HOST

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23
Q

The organism that provides physical protection
and nourishment to the parasite

A

HOST

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24
Q

Different Types of Hosts:

A
  • Final / Definitive Host
  • Intermediate Host
  • Vectors
  • Accidental Host
  • Paratenic Host (Transfer Host)
  • Dead-end Host (Incidental Host)
  • Reservoir Host
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25
Q

Harbors the adult or sexually mature stage of the parasite

Different Types of Hosts

A

Final / Definitive Host

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26
Q

usually the Definitive Host

Different Types of Hosts

A

Man

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27
Q

Human is the _________ for lymphatic
filarial worms that cause elephantiasis and
trypanosomes that cause African trypanosomiasis

Different Types of Hosts

A

definitive host

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28
Q

Harbors the larval stages or asexual forms of the parasites

Different Types of Hosts

A

Intermediate Host

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29
Q

Ex. Lower animals, vegetation

Different Types of Hosts

A

Intermediate Host

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30
Q

Harbors the early larval
stage of the parasites

Different Types of Hosts

A

First Intermediate Host (1st IH)

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31
Q

Harbors the infective
larval stage of the parasite

Different Types of Hosts

A

Second Intermediate Host (2nd IH)

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32
Q

Responsible for transmission; may also become hosts

Different Types of Hosts

A

Vectors

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33
Q

morphologic change or
transformation of the parasite before transmission to another host
Ex: Aedes

Different Types of Hosts

A

Biologic Vector

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34
Q

no morphologic change occurs on the parasite
Ex: Cockroaches and Flies

Different Types of Hosts

A

Mechanical Vector

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35
Q

Harbors a parasite that usually does not infect it

Different Types of Hosts

A

Accidental Host

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35
Q

Not part of the life cycle; parasite does not completely mature

Different Types of Hosts

A

Accidental Host

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36
Q

one in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages but remains alive
and can infect other hosts

Different Types of Hosts

A

Paratenic Host (Transfer Host)

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37
Q

Harbors the parasite in an underdeveloped or in arrested
state of development; part of the parasite’s life cycle

Different Types of Hosts

A

Paratenic Host (Transfer Host)

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38
Q

It will only continue the life cycle if the paratenic host is consumed by a susceptible definitive host

Different Types of Hosts

A

Paratenic Host (Transfer Host)

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39
Q

Example of Paratenic Host (Transfer Host)

Different Types of Hosts

A

Wild boar

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40
Q

What is the 2nd Intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani

Different Types of Hosts

A

Fresh water prawn/crab

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40
Q

Wild boar is the paratonic host for ___________

Different Types of Hosts

A

Paragonimus westermani

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41
Q

Host that does not allow the life cycle of the parasite to
continue

Different Types of Hosts

A

Dead-end Host (Incidental Host)

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42
Q

Humans consume food that contains the larvae of the parasite (pig) are the dead end host for _____________

Different Types of Hosts

A

Trichinella spiralis

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43
Q

Host other than the parasite’s usual hosts that allows the
life cycle to continue
Ex: Pigs, field rats, cats, beavers

Different Types of Hosts

A

Reservoir Host

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44
Q

allow the parasite’s life cycle
to continue and become additional sources
of human infection

Different Types of Hosts

A

Reservoir host

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45
Q

Alternative host to a parasite that is harbored normally by
humans

Different Types of Hosts

A

Reservoir Host

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46
Q

Acts as an additional source of infection

Different Types of Hosts

A

Reservoir Host

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47
Q

no human cases; ongoing transmission

A

Eliminate

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48
Q

no human cases; no ongoing transmission

A

Eradicate

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49
Q

Organisms that depend on the host for survival

A

PARASITE

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50
Q

Parasite that always require a host for it to survive

TYPES OF PARASITES

A

Obligate

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51
Q

Cannot survive in any other manner in the absence of a
host

TYPES OF PARASITES

A

Obligate

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52
Q

Example of obligate parasites

TYPES OF PARASITES

A
  • Ascaris
  • Hookworms
  • Trichuris
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53
Q

May exist in a free-living state or as a commensal and that,
if opportunity presents itself, may become parasitic

TYPES OF PARASITES

A

Facultative

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53
Q

Has a free-living and a parasitic phase

TYPES OF PARASITES

A

Facultative

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54
Q

Example of Facultative parasite

TYPES OF PARASITES

A

Threadworms (Strongyloides stercoralis)

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55
Q

The smallest faucultative nematoda

TYPES OF PARASITES

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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56
Q

Non pathogenic

TYPES OF PARASITES

A

Commensal

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57
Q

Example of commensals

TYPES OF PARASITES

A

Entamoeba coli

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58
Q

Parasites found on the surface of the body

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Ectoparasite

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59
Q

presence of an ectoparasite in a host

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Infestation

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60
Q

Presence of endoparasite in the host

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Infection

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61
Q

Parasites living within the host

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Endoparasite

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62
Q

Parasite not living in its natural habitat

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Erratic Parasite

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63
Q

Example of Erratic Parasite

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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64
Q

Natural habitat of Ascaris lumbricoides

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

small intestine

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65
Q

VLM meaning

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Visceral larva migrants

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66
Q

goes to the other parts of the body

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Erratic

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67
Q

Parasite that does not live in its usual host; counterpart to
the accidental host

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Accidental / Incidental Parasite

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68
Q

Accidental in humans

Types of parasites according to habitat

A
  • Toxocara cati
  • Toxocara canis
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69
Q

Free-living organism that passes through the GI tract
without infecting the host
(Just passes through)

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Spurious Parasite

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70
Q

Present in the host for a long time

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Permanent parasite

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71
Q

remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Permanent parasite

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72
Q

a parasite that
establishes itself in a host in which it does not
usually live

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Accidental/ incidental parasite

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73
Q

lives on the host only for a short period of time
| Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Temporary parasite

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74
Q

Can be obligatory at one or more stages of their life cycles
but free-living at others

Types of parasites according to habitat

A

Temporary Parasite

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75
Q
  • Produces immature eggs
  • Larva is not yet developing
  • Not yet infective

Parasites according to egg laying capacity (helminths)

A

Oviparous

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76
Q

Produces mature / segmented / embryonated eggs

Parasites according to egg laying capacity (helminths)

A

Ovoviviparous

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77
Q

Produces larva

Parasites according to egg laying capacity (helminths)

A

Larviparous

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78
Q

Example of Oviparous

Parasites according to egg laying capacity (helminths)

A
  • Ascari
  • Trichuris
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79
Q

Example of Ovoviviparous

Parasites according to egg laying capacity (helminths)

A
  • Schistosoma
  • Clonorchis,
  • Opisthorchis
  • Taenia
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80
Q

Example of larviparous

Parasites according to egg laying capacity (helminths)

A

Trichinella

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81
Q

Hermaphroditic; no male or female

Parasites according to sexes

A

Monoecious

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82
Q

Both reproductive organs are found in one parasite

Parasites according to sexes

A

Monoecious

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83
Q

Example of moecious

Parasites according to sexes

A
  • Flukes, except Schistosoma
  • Cestodes
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84
Q

Separate sexes

Parasites according to sexes

A

Dioecious

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85
Q

Female parasites are capable of self-fertilization

Parasites according to sexes

A

Parthenogenetic

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86
Q

In unfavorable conditions, larvae become parasitic and all become female in the host

Parasites according to sexes

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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87
Q

Example of Parthenogenetic

Parasites according to sexes

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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88
Q

Example of dioecious

Parasites according to sexes

A
  • Nematodes
  • Schistosoma
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89
Q

PARASITE STAGES OF HELMINTHES

PARASITE STAGES

A
  • Adult
  • Larva
  • Egg/ovum
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90
Q

Immature stage

Parasite stages of larva

A

Larva

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91
Q

Specific names of the stages differ between
species

Parasite stages of larva

A

Larva

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92
Q

Highly resistant stage

Parasite stages of larva

A

Egg / Ovum

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93
Q

May be an infective stage

Parasite stages of larva

A

Egg / Ovum

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94
Q

Parasite stages of Protozoans

A
  • Trophozoite
  • cyst
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95
Q

Motile / Feeding / Vegetative stage

Parasite stages of Protozoans

A

Trophozoite

96
Q

Fragile, easily dies

Parasite stages of Protozoans

A

Trophozoite

97
Q

Non-motile / Non-feeding stage

Parasite stages of Protozoans

A

Cyst

98
Q

Usually the infective stage

Parasite stages of Protozoans

A

Cyst

98
Q

Soil is important to the life cycle

TRANSMISSION

A

Soil Transmitted Helminths

99
Q

Example of soil transmitted helminthes

TRANSMISSION

A
  • Hookworms
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Trichuris trichuria
  • Strongyloides stercoralis
100
Q

Types of Hookworms

TRANSMISSION

A
  • Ancylostoma duodenale
  • Necator americanus
101
Q

MOT of Necator americanus

TRANSMISSION

A

Skin penetration of larva

101
Q

MOT of Ascaris lumbricoides

TRANSMISSION

A

Ingestion of embryonated eggs

102
Q

MOT of Trichuris trichuria

TRANSMISSION

A

Ingestion of embryonated egg

103
Q

MOT Strongyloides stercoralis

TRANSMISSION

A

Skin penetration of larva

104
Q

Example of parasites with biological vectors

TRANSMISSION

A
  • Plasmodium
  • Hemoflagellates
  • FIlarial worms
104
Q

BIological vector of plasmodium

TRANSMISSION

A

Anopheles mosquitos

105
Q

BIological vector of Hemoflagellates

TRANSMISSION

A
  • Tse tse
  • Kissing bug
  • sand fly
105
Q

BIological vector of Filarial worms

TRANSMISSION

A

Mosquito

106
Q

Ingestion; undercooked or raw food with larva

TRANSMISSION

A

Food Borne

107
Q

Fasciola is transmitted from _________

TRANSMISSION

A

Water plants; kangkong

108
Q

Opisthorchis is transmitted from _________

TRANSMISSION

A

freshwater fish

109
Q

Clonorchis is transmitted from _________

TRANSMISSION

A

freshwater fish

109
Q

Echinostoma is transmitted from _________

TRANSMISSION

A

snail

110
Q

Heterophyes is transmitted from _________

TRANSMISSION

A

freshwater fish

111
Q

Taenia is transmitted from _________

TRANSMISSION

A

Pork, beef

111
Q

Haplorchis is transmitted from _________

TRANSMISSION

A

freshwater fish

112
Q

Paragonimus is transmitted from _________

TRANSMISSION

A

freshwater crab; crayfish

113
Q

Associated with outbreaks of diarrhea

TRANSMISSION

A

Water Borne

114
Q

Water borne trannsmission assoc. w/ “traveller’s diarrhea”

TRANSMISSION

A

Giardia

115
Q

Water borne trannsmission assoc. with AIDS infection,
severe diarrhea, and contaminated water supply

TRANSMISSION

A

Cryptosporidium

115
Q

Can cross placenta

TRANSMISSION

A

Vertical Transmission/Congenital

116
Q

Vertical transmission parasite which Oocyst in cat feces, can cause congenital defects

TRANSMISSION

A

Toxoplasma gondii

117
Q

Breastfeeding

TRANSMISSION

A

Transmammary

117
Q

Larva in breast milk

TRANSMISSION

A

Ancylostoma

118
Q

Example of trasmammary parasites

TRANSMISSION

A

Strongyloides

119
Q

Egg is inhaled

TRANSMISSION

A

Inhalation

120
Q

Most common nematode infection worldwide

TRANSMISSION

A

Enterobius vermicularis

120
Q

Reproduces in the anal area; nocturnal

TRANSMISSION

A

Enterobius vermicularis

121
Q

TRANSMISSION

Fast to embryonate (4 hrs)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

122
Q

Sexual contact

TRANSMISSION

A

Intimate Contact

123
Q

Most common non-viral STD worldwide

TRANSMISSION

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

124
Q

Types of LIFE CYCLES

A
  • Direct Life Cycle
  • Indirect Life Cycle
125
Q

No intermediate host needed

Types of LIFE CYCLES

A

Direct Life Cycle

126
Q

Has intermediate host/s

Types of LIFE CYCLES

A

Indirect Life Cycle

127
Q

Infective stage: egg

Types of LIFE CYCLES

A

Direct Life Cycle

128
Q

Infective stage: larva

Types of LIFE CYCLES

A

Indirect Life Cycle

129
Q

Causative agent, causes harm

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Pathogen

130
Q

Establishment of the organism in the host

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Infection

130
Q

Harbors the organism but is asymptomatic; shows no signs
and symptoms

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Carrier

131
Q

Period between infection and appearance of signs
and symptoms

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Incubation Period

132
Q

Period between infection and evidence / demonstration of infection (can test positive)

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Pre-patent Period

132
Q

Infected individual becomes his/her own source of infection

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Autoinfection

133
Q

Larva becomes infective inside the host and can infect the host again

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Autoinfection

133
Q

Example of parasites that can cause Autoinfection

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A
  • Capillaria
  • Strongyloides
  • Enterobius
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Hymenolepis nana
134
Q

Infected individual is further infected with the same parasite

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Superinfection / Hyperinfection

135
Q

May spread to other parts of the body

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Superinfection / Hyperinfection

136
Q

Exaple of parasites that can cause Superinfection / Hyperinfection

EXPOSURE AND INFECTION

A

Strongyloides

137
Q

Study of patterns, distribution, and occurrence of the
disease

A

EPIDEMIOLOGY

137
Q

All total cases

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Prevalence

138
Q

% of individuals in a population with at least 1 parasite

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Cumulative Prevalence

139
Q

Rate of occurrence of new cases

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Incidence

139
Q

Constant presence and/or prevalence of a disease or an
infectious agent in the population within a geographic area

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Endemic

140
Q

Ongoing local transmission

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Endemic

140
Q

A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Sporadic

141
Q

Often above what is normally expected in that population in that area

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Epidemic

141
Q

Refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases
of a disease

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Epidemic

142
Q

Sudden increase → outbreak

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Epidemic

142
Q

Number of patients who
died of the disease.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Mortality

142
Q

Refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries
or continents

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Pandemic

142
Q

Worldwide epidemic

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Pandemic

142
Q

Related to the number of worms/eggs per infected person

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Intensity of Infection / Worm Burden

142
Q

no human cases, no transmission

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Eradication

142
Q

Refers to the burden of infection

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Intensity of Infection / Worm Burden

142
Q

Number of diseased
individuals.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Morbidity

142
Q

no human cases, ongoing transmission

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Elimination

142
Q

Parasites can:

EFFECTS OF THE PARASITES TO HUMAN HOSTS

A

o Cause injury by release of metabolites/enzymes
o Cause invasion and tissue destruction
o Deprive certain nutrients from hosts

142
Q

The use of anthelminthic drugs in an individual or a public
health program

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

Deworming

142
Q

Example of Tissue damage

EFFECTS OF THE PARASITES TO HUMAN HOSTS

A
  • Fatty degeneration
  • albuminous degeneration
  • necrosis (tissue/cell death)
142
Q

Example of Tissue changes

EFFECTS OF THE PARASITES TO HUMAN HOSTS

A
  • Hyperplasia
  • Hypertrophy
  • Metaplasia
  • Neoplasia
  • Tumors
142
Q

Can become resistant

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Genetic makeup of host

142
Q

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A
  • Genetic makeup of host
  • Nutrition and Diet
  • Immunity and Immune Response
142
Q

Resistant to Plasmodium
vivax

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Duffy Blood Group Fy(a- b-)

142
Q

Example of Genetic makeup of host

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A
  • Duffy Blood Group Fy(a- b-)
  • Sickle cell disease
142
Q

Resistant to Plasmodium falci

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Sickle cell disease

143
Q

Usually found in Africans

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Duffy Blood Group Fy(a- b-)

144
Q

High protein diet can inhibit intestinal
protozoans

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Nutrition and Diet

145
Q

Types of HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A
  • Innate Immune Response
  • Acquired Immune Response
146
Q

Body detects and eliminates pathogens through nonspecific mechanisms

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Innate Immune Response

147
Q

3rd line of defense

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Acquired Immune Response

147
Q

Specific response

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Acquired Immune Response

148
Q

2nd line of defense

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Innate Immune Response

148
Q

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

Host exposed to the parasite antigens → stimulate an
immune response

A

Acquired Immune Response

149
Q

Example of Innate Immune Response

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

Phagocytosis by macrophage and dendritic
cells

150
Q

Example of Acquired Immune Response

EFFECTS OF THE HOST ON THE PARASITE

A

T and B cells

151
Q

Permits survival of parasites upon entering blood and tissues

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Resistance to Infection

152
Q

Intrcellular → immune system won’t recognize
the parasites

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Resistance to Infection

153
Q

Used by helminths to resist macrophages

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Cuticle and integument

154
Q

Parasites can reduce the immune function of macrophages
→ Lower action of macrophages and defective processing
of antigen

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Immune Suppression

155
Q

Macrophages are inhibited

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Immune Suppression

156
Q

Parasites that causes Antigenic Variation

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A
  • Trypanosoma brucei infection
  • Plasmodium
157
Q

African sleeping sickness

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Trypanosoma brucei

158
Q

Used by Trypanosoma brucei for antigenic variation

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Variant surface glycoproteins (VSG)

158
Q

Parasite that uses antigenic diversity

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Plasmodium

159
Q

Surface / antigens are changed

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

antigenic diversity

160
Q

Replaces self’s antigen and mimics host antigens

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Host Mimicry

161
Q

Body can’t differentiate self from non-self

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Host Mimicry

162
Q

larval stages carry P blood group
antigens

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Echinococcus granulosus

163
Q

can acquire antigenic molecules from the
host

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Schistosoma sp.

164
Q

Parasites that uses Host Mimicry

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A
  • Echinococcus granulosus
  • Schistosoma sp
165
Q

Parasites that uses Intracellular Sequestration

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A
  • Leishmania
  • Plasmodium
165
Q

Lives in host cells

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Intracellular Sequestration

166
Q

monocytes, macrophages,
endothelial cells (lines blood vessels) intracellular sequestration

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Leishmania

166
Q

Liver cells, red cells intracellular sequestration

PARASITE EVASION MECHANISM

A

Plasmodium

166
Q

Exist as motile trophozoite stage and the nonmotile
infective cyst

A

PROTOZOANS (KINGDOM PROTISTA)

167
Q

Locomotor apparatus serves as one of the bases of
classification

A

PROTOZOANS (KINGDOM PROTISTA)

167
Q

Equipped with pseudopods (“false feet”)

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Subphylum Sarcodina – Ameba

168
Q

Equipped with flagellum (whip-like structure)

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Subphylum Mastigophora – Flagellates

168
Q

PHYLUM SARCOMASTIGOPHORA:

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A
  • Subphylum Sarcodina – Ameba
  • Subphylum Mastigophora – Flagellates
169
Q

Equipped with cilia (hair-like structures)

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA

170
Q

Some are multinucleate

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA

170
Q

Two nuclei of PHYLUM CILIOPHORA

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

A large macronucleus and a small micronucleus

171
Q

Only ciliate parasite in humans

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Balantidium coli

172
Q

May produce severe intestinal symptoms

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Balantidium coli

172
Q

Not equipped with definite locomotor apparatus

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA

173
Q

Contains apical complex

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA

174
Q

causative agent of malaria

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Plasmodium spp

174
Q

causative agent of
Toxoplasmosis

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Toxoplasma gondii

174
Q

Examples of PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A
  • Plasmodium spp
  • Babesia microti
  • Toxoplasma gondii
174
Q

Gametocytes develop independently

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Suborder Haemosporina

175
Q

causative agent of Nantucket fever

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Babesia microti

176
Q

Now classified as fungi

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM MICROSPORIDIA

177
Q

Possess polar tube

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM MICROSPORIDIA

177
Q

Spore forming

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM MICROSPORIDIA

177
Q

Class Nematoda

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES / NEMAHELMINTHES

177
Q

Elongate and cylindrical organisms

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES / NEMAHELMINTHES

178
Q

Roundworms

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES / NEMAHELMINTHES

178
Q

Dioecious

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES / NEMAHELMINTHES

179
Q

Male is typically smaller than the female

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES / NEMAHELMINTHES

180
Q

Parasites of humans: intestinal and tissue inhabiting species

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

PHYLUM ASCHELMINTHES / NEMAHELMINTHES

180
Q

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES classes:

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A
  • Class Trematoda
  • Class Cestoda
180
Q

Trematodes, Flukes

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Class Trematoda

180
Q

Leaf-shaped or elongate, slender organisms

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Class Trematoda

181
Q

Possess suckers

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Class Trematoda

182
Q

Order of class trematoda that Contains all species parasitic to humans

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Order Digenea

183
Q

Order of class trematoda that Inhabits: small intestine, lungs, liver, pancreas, blood
vessels

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Order Digenea

184
Q

Physical barriers (1st line of defense against pathogens):

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A
  • Skin
  • Mucous membranes
  • Components of body fluids
  • Physiologic functions of the body
184
Q

Elongate, ribbon-like, segmented body

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Class Cestoda

184
Q

Inhabit the small intestine

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Class Cestoda

184
Q

Tapeworms

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Class Cestoda

184
Q

Specialized anterior attachment organ: scolex

MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES

A

Class Cestoda

Parasitology lec (24 decks)

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