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Parasitology lec > Ascaris lumbricoides > Flashcards

Ascaris lumbricoides Flashcards

1
Q

Common Name:

A

Giant Intestinal Roundworm

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2
Q

Final Host

A

Man

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3
Q

Infective Stage

A

Embryonated Eggs

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4
Q

Habitat

A

Small Intestine

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5
Q

Lifespan

A

Approx. 1-2 years

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6
Q

MOT

A

Ingestion of Embryonated Eggs

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7
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

A
  • Pepsin Inhibitor 3 (PI-3)
  • Phosporylcholine
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8
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

Prevent the parasite from being digested in
the intestines

A

Pepsin Inhibitor 3 (PI-3)

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9
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

suppress lymphocyte proliferation

A

Phosporylcholine

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10
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

If ________ are inhibited, the immune system would not react on these parasites.

Phosporylcholine

A

lymphocytes

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11
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

Important in inhibiting lymphocyte production

A

Phosporylcholine

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12
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Cross-Section of Male vs Female

There is the uterus and
inside it are the eggs.

A

Female

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12
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Cross-Section of Male vs Female

pseodocoelem
(white circle structure)
containing all the vital
organs

A

Male

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13
Q

In the anterior part, the __________ lips are present

A

trilobate/triradiate

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14
Q

The trilobate lips of ascaris are made up of:

A
  • 1 dorsal lip
  • 2 ventrolateral lips
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15
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Shape of Unfertilized egg

Unfertilized Egg

A

Oval

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16
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Inside the unfertilized egg, large coarse granules are seen containing ____.

Unfertilized Egg

A

lecithin

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17
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

layer that surrounds the lecithin.

Unfertilized Egg

A

Glycogen layer

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18
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Noticeable is also the outer layer called ___________ . Some unfertilized eggs do not have this outer layer.

Unfertilized Egg

A

mammillary/albuminous coat

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19
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

with
mammillary/albuminous coat (rough surface)

Unfertilized Egg

A

Corticated unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides egg

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20
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

without mammillary/albuminous coat (smooth surface)

Unfertilized Egg

A

Decorticated unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides egg

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21
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

it is more round and has more layers compared to unfertilized

A

Fertilized Egg

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22
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

it is the
innermost layer

Fertilized Egg

A

Vitelline layer/inner lipoidal layer

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23
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

The structures present in the vitelline layer that is described to be smaller and smooth; more granulated

Fertilized Egg

A

Amorphous mass of protoplasm

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24
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Surrounding the Vitelline layer is the __________

Fertilized Egg

A

Glycogen layer

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25
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

outermost layer

Fertilized Egg

A

Albuminous/mammillary coat

26
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

If the Albuminous/mammillary coat is brownish in color, it is called as

Fertilized Egg

A

corticated fertilized Ascaris egg

27
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

If the Albuminous/mammillary coat outer layer is smooth, it is called as

Fertilized Egg

A

decorticated fertilized Ascaris egg

28
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

You will now see a _______

Embryonated Egg

A

developing larva

29
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Inside, you will see an _____ inside the
embryonated egg

Embryonated Egg

A

L2 larva

30
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Not recovered in ____

Embryonated Egg

A

stool

31
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Where do asccaris eggs mature?

Embryonated Egg

A

soil

32
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

How many weeks for ascaris eggs to mature?

Embryonated Egg

A

2 - 3 weeks

33
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

It may be found in ____
samples.

Embryonated Egg

A

old stool

34
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

It may embryonate _________ the soil.

Embryonated Egg

A

outside

35
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle

When in the small intestine, the larva will undergo

A

Heart lung migration

36
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle

Heart lung migration involves penetration to __________, passing through ________ then to the ____ then the ______

A
  • small intestine walls
  • lymphatics
  • heart
  • lungs
37
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle

During this time, the parasite is molting or have changes in its morphology.

A

Heart lung migration

38
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle

After passing through the lungs, the larva would be swallowed back to the small intestine, becoming an ________

A

adult worm

39
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle

Adult worms then reproduce in the ________, the eggs (either fertilized or not) would be found in the feces and must find its way to the soil.

A

small intestine

40
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle

Only _______ eggs undergo
embryonation

A

fertilized

41
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Patient may have ________ during the heart lung migration of the parasite

Host immune response

A

allergic reaction

42
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Can cause _______ (because larva is passing through the lungs) and increase in ________

Effects of larval invasion

A
  • Pneumonitis
  • Eosinophils
43
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

_________ effect of adult worms

A

Mechanical

44
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

This is because parasite will _____ with absorption of nutrients especially in heavy infection of Ascaris.

Nutritional deficiencies

A

compete

45
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Incubation period approx:

A

60-75 days

46
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

found in the _____ of the small
intestine, causing obstruction or damage to the it

A

lumen

47
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

_________ cases if there is less intensity
infection

A

Asymptomatic

48
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Intestinal obstruction that may lead to ___________

A

intestinal
perforation

48
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Abdominal pain, vomiting, ______ stunting

A

growth

49
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Can become ______ due to abnormal conditions such as high fever or administering anti-helminthic drugs.

A

erratic

50
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

May cause:

Larval stages

A
  • Eosinophilic pneumonitis
  • Eosinophilia
51
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Other name for Eosinophilic pneumonitis

Larval stages

A

Loeffler’s syndrome

52
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

higher
than normal level or elevation of eosinophils

Larval stages

A

Eosinophilia

53
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Presence of _________ in the
sputum of infected patients

Larval stages

A

charcot leyden crystals

54
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology

Respiratory manifestations such as
______ (difficulty of breathing),
coughing, fever

Larval stages

A

dyspnea

55
Q

Diagnosis

A
  • DFS
  • Kato-katz
  • Concentration techniques (FECT)
  • Examination of sputum (to look for larval stages)
56
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology

___ transmitted helminth

A

Soil

57
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology

More common in poor countries where _____ is poor

A

sanitation

58
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology

Highly affected :

A

School aged children

59
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology

Eggs are highly resistant: Can survive in extreme ________

A

temperatures

60
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Treatment & Prevention

Drug of choice

A

Mebendazole

Others: Albendazole

61
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Treatment & Prevention

Prevention

A
  • Handwashing
  • Proper disposal

Parasitology lec (24 decks)

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