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Ascaris lumbricoides Flashcards

1
Q

Common Name:

A

Giant Intestinal Roundworm

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2
Q

Final Host

A

Man

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3
Q

Infective Stage

A

Embryonated Eggs

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4
Q

Habitat

A

Small Intestine

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5
Q

Lifespan

A

Approx. 1-2 years

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6
Q

MOT

A

Ingestion of Embryonated Eggs

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7
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

A
  • Pepsin Inhibitor 3 (PI-3)
  • Phosporylcholine
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8
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

Prevent the parasite from being digested in
the intestines

A

Pepsin Inhibitor 3 (PI-3)

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9
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

suppress lymphocyte proliferation

A

Phosporylcholine

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10
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

If ________ are inhibited, the immune system would not react on these parasites.

Phosporylcholine

A

lymphocytes

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11
Q

Protective substances present in Adult Ascaris:

Important in inhibiting lymphocyte production

A

Phosporylcholine

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12
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Cross-Section of Male vs Female

There is the uterus and
inside it are the eggs.

A

Female

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12
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Cross-Section of Male vs Female

pseodocoelem
(white circle structure)
containing all the vital
organs

A

Male

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13
Q

In the anterior part, the __________ lips are present

A

trilobate/triradiate

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14
Q

The trilobate lips of ascaris are made up of:

A
  • 1 dorsal lip
  • 2 ventrolateral lips
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15
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Shape of Unfertilized egg

Unfertilized Egg

A

Oval

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16
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Inside the unfertilized egg, large coarse granules are seen containing ____.

Unfertilized Egg

A

lecithin

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17
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

layer that surrounds the lecithin.

Unfertilized Egg

A

Glycogen layer

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18
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

Noticeable is also the outer layer called ___________ . Some unfertilized eggs do not have this outer layer.

Unfertilized Egg

A

mammillary/albuminous coat

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19
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

with
mammillary/albuminous coat (rough surface)

Unfertilized Egg

A

Corticated unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides egg

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20
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

without mammillary/albuminous coat (smooth surface)

Unfertilized Egg

A

Decorticated unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides egg

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21
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

it is more round and has more layers compared to unfertilized

A

Fertilized Egg

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22
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

it is the
innermost layer

Fertilized Egg

A

Vitelline layer/inner lipoidal layer

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23
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs

The structures present in the vitelline layer that is described to be smaller and smooth; more granulated

Fertilized Egg

A

Amorphous mass of protoplasm

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24
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs Surrounding the Vitelline layer is the __________ | Fertilized Egg
Glycogen layer
25
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs outermost layer | Fertilized Egg
Albuminous/mammillary coat
26
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs If the Albuminous/mammillary coat is brownish in color, it is called as | Fertilized Egg
corticated fertilized Ascaris egg
27
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs If the Albuminous/mammillary coat outer layer is smooth, it is called as | Fertilized Egg
decorticated fertilized Ascaris egg
28
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs You will now see a _______ | Embryonated Egg
developing larva
29
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs Inside, you will see an _____ inside the embryonated egg | Embryonated Egg
L2 larva
30
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs Not recovered in ____ | Embryonated Egg
stool
31
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs Where do asccaris eggs mature? | Embryonated Egg
soil
32
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs How many weeks for ascaris eggs to mature? | Embryonated Egg
2 - 3 weeks
33
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs It may be found in ____ samples. | Embryonated Egg
old stool
34
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Types of Eggs It may embryonate _________ the soil. | Embryonated Egg
outside
35
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle When in the small intestine, the larva will undergo
Heart lung migration
36
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle Heart lung migration involves penetration to __________, passing through ________ then to the ____ then the ______
- small intestine walls - lymphatics - heart - lungs
37
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle During this time, the parasite is molting or have changes in its morphology.
Heart lung migration
38
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle After passing through the lungs, the larva would be swallowed back to the small intestine, becoming an ________
adult worm
39
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle Adult worms then reproduce in the ________, the eggs (either fertilized or not) would be found in the feces and must find its way to the soil.
small intestine
40
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Life Cycle Only _______ eggs undergo embryonation
fertilized
41
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Patient may have ________ during the heart lung migration of the parasite | Host immune response
allergic reaction
42
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Can cause _______ (because larva is passing through the lungs) and increase in ________ | Effects of larval invasion
- Pneumonitis - Eosinophils
43
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology _________ effect of adult worms
Mechanical
44
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology This is because parasite will _____ with absorption of nutrients especially in heavy infection of Ascaris. | Nutritional deficiencies
compete
45
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Incubation period approx:
60-75 days
46
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology found in the _____ of the small intestine, causing obstruction or damage to the it
lumen
47
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology _________ cases if there is less intensity infection
Asymptomatic
48
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Intestinal obstruction that may lead to ___________
intestinal perforation
48
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Abdominal pain, vomiting, ______ stunting
growth
49
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Can become ______ due to abnormal conditions such as high fever or administering anti-helminthic drugs.
erratic
50
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology May cause: | Larval stages
- Eosinophilic pneumonitis - Eosinophilia
51
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Other name for Eosinophilic pneumonitis | Larval stages
Loeffler’s syndrome
52
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology higher than normal level or elevation of eosinophils | Larval stages
Eosinophilia
53
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Presence of _________ in the sputum of infected patients | Larval stages
charcot leyden crystals
54
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Pathology Respiratory manifestations such as ______ (difficulty of breathing), coughing, fever | Larval stages
dyspnea
55
Diagnosis
- DFS - Kato-katz - Concentration techniques (FECT) - Examination of sputum (to look for larval stages)
56
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology ___ transmitted helminth
Soil
57
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology More common in poor countries where _____ is poor
sanitation
58
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology Highly affected :
School aged children
59
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Epidemiology Eggs are highly resistant: Can survive in extreme ________
temperatures
60
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Treatment & Prevention Drug of choice
Mebendazole | Others: Albendazole
61
# Ascaris lumbricoides: Treatment & Prevention Prevention
- Handwashing - Proper disposal

Parasitology lec (24 decks)

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