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MCBM Part 1 > Talbot- Osmosis and Diffusion > Flashcards

Talbot- Osmosis and Diffusion Flashcards

1
Q

define diffusion ?

A

the movement of a solute suspended or dissolved in an aqueous solution down it’s concentration gradient due to random thermal movement .

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2
Q

In diffusion the solute moves from ?

A

from high concentration to low concentration , no energy input require

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3
Q

what is the physical factors /properties for diffusion ?

A

no energy input needed

efficient ( rapid) only over short distance

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4
Q

what is the rate of diffusion (Jx) is proportion to ?

A

Proportional to the concentration gradient
inversely Prop. to distance L^2
( the greater the distance between 2 points the greater the time it take to diffuse .

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5
Q

how we measure the rate of diffusion ?

A

as A FLUX RATE across the membrane

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6
Q

how diffusion happened across the membrane ?

A

by simple diffusion , and Facilitated diffusion

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7
Q

what is the difference between facilitated diffusion and simple ?

A

simple : solute moves from high concentration to low concentration .
Facilitated : solute moves from high concentration to low concentration DUE to specific transporters (protein Mediated )

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8
Q

what is the flux rate?

A

how much of something moving over time .

Jx=dQx/dt ( change in quantity / change in time )

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9
Q

what is the difference between influx, Efflux , net flux ?

A 
Influx (Jin): movement of solute into a chamber /cell/compartment , 
Efflux (Jout) :  movement of a solute out 
net flux ( Jnet ) difference between (Jin)-(Jout)
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10
Q

what is unidirectional flux ?

A

it is the net flux

Jnet =Jin - Jout

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11
Q

All solutes and systems want to move towards what ?

A

Their own equilibrium , no matter what other solutes are present or what is their concentration are .

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12
Q

does the living body moves towards equilibrium ?

A

NO , living body is an open system so it works to maintain a steady state .

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13
Q

what is Fick’s equation ?

A 
J= D A (dC/dX) 
(dC/dX)  concentration gradient 
A area 
J rate of diffusion ( moles /second)
D is diffusion coefficient or can be P ( when it is experimentally calculated)
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14
Q

what is D proportion to ?

A

temperature , 1/viscosity ,

1/ molecule size of solute

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15
Q

define Osmosis ?

A

diffusion of water , moving from low concentration of solute to high concentration of solute .

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16
Q

how much water in our body ?

A

45%-70% of body mass

Men 60%, women 50%

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17
Q

a man weight 70 Kg calculate the total body water TBW ?

A

men has 60% water so .60x70=42kg water

18
Q

what are the compartments of TBW total body water ?

A

all the water in the body ,
TBW =extra cellular fluid ( ECF) 34%
+ICF 66% Intracellular Fluid.

19
Q

what is ECF ? what are the compartments of it ?

A

Extracellular fluid : all fluid outside of cells

ECF= 25%vascular +75% ISF ( interstitial fluid )

20
Q

name the three body fluid compartments ?

A

Intracellular fluid
interstitial fluid
vascular fluid

21
Q

Define Osmolarity ? Molarity ?OSMOLALITY ?

A

Osmolarity : (osm/L) measure solute concentration , number of osmoles of solute particles per liter
Molarity : moles /liter
OSMOLALITY ? osm/Kg water , measure of the osmoles of solute per Kg of solvent

22
Q

Define Osmotic pressure (pi)? and what it is similar to ?

A

Pulling force that attract water towards more concentrated solution.
similar to hydrostatic pressure ( P=n/V)RT
Pi= (osmol/L) RT

23
Q

what is the osmolality of human fluids ?

A

290 mOsm

24
Q

water is at what osmotic level across most animal cell membrane ?

A

Osmotic equilibrium

25
Q

protein in plasma is more , less or equal to ISF ?

A

more in plasma

26
Q

what is predominant cation in ICF ?

A

K+ to balance proteinn - in ICF

27
Q

is there any ionic concentration different between all three compartments ( ICF, plasma , ISF) ?

A

yes , however they have effectively identical osmolarties.

28
Q

what is difference between Osmolarity and Tonicity ?

A

Osmolarity : is actual number of particles dissolved in solution represent a potential for water to move across a membrane.
Tonicity : actual response of cells or tissues immersed in a solution , represent the FLUX OF WATER ACROSS A MEMBRANE

29
Q

what does that means when the cell is

ISO-osmotic, Isotonic environment ?

A

have no net flux of water because the intracellular and extracellular solutions are iso-osmotic

30
Q

what does that means when the cell is

Hypo-osmotic, Hypotonic environment ?

A

the environment is hyp-ismotic relative to the cell , cell is HYPER-osmotic relative to the environment, cell swell

31
Q

what does that means when the cell is

hyper-osmotic, hyper-tonic environment ?

A

the enviroment is hyper-osmotic to cell , and the cell is HYPO osmotic to the environment , cell shrink

32
Q

cell in its surrounding solution is iso-osmotic does has to be isotonic?

A

NO , it depends on the presence /absence of osmotically active solute

33
Q

what is osmotically active solute ?

A

the one that is impermeable or has limited permeability

34
Q

what solutions would be isotonic to ICF of RBC?why ?

A

145 mMNaCL, 290 sucrose , 95mM MgCl2, 289mM Na+ and 1mM proein
they are Impermeable across the cell membrane , so the solution will be isotonic or isomotic.

35
Q

what solutions will permeable to the cell membrane ?

A

Urea, ethanol , and they will be hypotonic to the cell.

36
Q

the contribution of a solute to tonicity depend on what ?

A

its membrane permeability

37
Q

which part of the cell is sensitive to any small change in the number of the solute ?

A

IntraCELLULAR volume of the cell is small, it does not take much of a change in total number of solutes inside the cell to lead to changes in concentration and osmolarity.

38
Q

if substance stay on only a particular compartment what it is the volume ?

A

Volume ( L) = amount (g) / concentration ( mg/L)

39
Q

if portion of the substance is excreted or metabolized what is the volume ?

A

volume ( L) =( amount - excreted) / concentration

40
Q

how to measure Plasma volume ?

A

all the water in the blood , use albumin, or evans blue dye to bind to serum protein

MCBM Part 1 (29 decks)

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