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MCBM Part 1 > Kandpal - Transcription > Flashcards

Kandpal - Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structural differences between RNA and DNA?

A

RNA is mostly single stranded, ribose, uracil

DNA is double stranded, deoxyribose, thymine

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2
Q

List the different RNAs from least abundant to most.

A

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

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3
Q

List 4 functions of RNA.

A

Genome, information carrier, protein synthesis, and as a catalyst.

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4
Q

What is an example of RNA as a genome?

A

HIV virus

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5
Q

How is RNA involved in protein synthesis?

A

As rRNA and tRNA

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6
Q

Name an example of a catalytic RNA.

A

peptidyl transferase

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7
Q

What carbon is different between ribose and deoxyribose?

A

2’ carbon

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8
Q

Where is mRNA located?

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

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9
Q

Where is tRNA located?

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

Where is rRNA located?

A

ribozymes and nucleus

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11
Q

How many subunits does RNA polymerase in E. coli have?

A

5 subunits

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12
Q

What part of the RNA polymerase recognizes the promoter sequence?

A

the sigma subunit recognizes the promoter sequence

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13
Q

What does tight binding of the promoter with the promoter sequence lead to?

A

opening of the DNA

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14
Q

What is strength of binding and speed of binding dependent on?

A

It is dependent on the promoter sequence

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15
Q

What occurs if the promoter sequence is closely related to the sigma subunit?

A

The bond forms faster and it is a stronger/tighter bond

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16
Q

What are known as consensus sequences?

A

the short conserved sequences of the promoter sequence

17
Q

What is the -35 consensus sequence?

A

35 bases upstream of the start site; varies from 16-19 base pairs

18
Q

What is the -10 consensus sequence?

A

10 bases upstream of the start point; varies from 5-9 base pairs

19
Q

What is the starting point referred to?

A

+1

20
Q

How many RNA polymerases do eukaryotes have and how many do bacteria have?

A

Eukaryotes have 3 and bacteria only has one.

21
Q

How does eukaryotic RNA polymerase bind to promoter?

A

Binds indirectly by contacting promoter sequences via transcription factors

22
Q

Between eukaryotes and bacteria which uses operons?

A

bacteria

23
Q

Which genes are individually regulated bacteria or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

24
Q

Which bacterial polymerase directly binds the promoter sequence?

A

the bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme that contains the sigma subunit

25
Q

How can bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases be distinguished?

A

By their susceptibilities to two inhibitors: rifampin (bacterial) and alpha-amanitin (eukaryotic)

26
Q

How does rifampin inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase?

A

it binds to the beta subunit and blocks the path of nascent RNA

27
Q

How does alpha-amanitin inhibit eukaryotic RNA polymerase?

A

binds to and inactivates the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, RPB1

28
Q

What blocks transcription in both bacterial and eukaryotic polymerases?

A

actinomycin-D prevents transcription in both by binding to DNA

29
Q

What kind of antibiotic is Rifampicin?

A

broad-spectrum antibiotic used for mycobacterial infections (pts w/TB and immunosuppressed pts)

30
Q

What is a point of concern with rifampicin antibiotics?

A

point mutation in bacterial beta subunit changes rifampin binding site and does not allow it to bind

31
Q

What type of antibiotic is Ciprofloxacin?

A

A quinolone antibiotic

32
Q

How does quinolone work?

A

binds to the A subunit of bacterial DNA gyrase and impairs DNA cleavage and resealing activity = DNA damage

33
Q

What type of antibiotic is Novobiocin?

A

A coumarin antibiotic

34
Q

How does Novobiocin work?

A

inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase by binding to the ATP binding site of the B subunit = inhibition DNA supercoiling (transcription of genes is disrupted)

MCBM Part 1 (29 decks)

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