Mitsoura - Glycolysis Flashcards
Describe the sources of GLUCOSE for glycolysis and how these sources are used as a function of metabolic state
Dietary intake (fed state), from glycogenolysis (fasting state), from gluconeogenesis (starving state - new glucose synthhesis)
Where is glucokinase found/located?
liver and pancreas only
Glucokinase has a high Km for glucose. What does this mean?
It has a low affinity for glucose and therefore it has a high Vmax
When does glucokinase work best?
Works best during the fed state to take in large amounts of blood glucose
What sugars does glucokinase have an affinity for?
only glucose!
Where is hexokinase found/located?
all tissues and organs outside liver and pancreas
When does hexokinase work best?
it works at all metabolic states
What effect does insulin have on glucokinase and hexokinase?
insulin has no effect on hexokinase, but glucokinase is inducible by it
What sugars does hexokinase have an affinity for?
Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose
What is the investment phase of glycolysis?
Step #1: Glucose → Glucose-6-Phosphate (enzyme: hexokinase/glucokinase)
Step #3: Fructose-6-Phosphate → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (enzyme: PFK-1)
What is the splitting phase?
Step #4: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate → Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (G3P) + Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP)
(enzyme: Aldolase A)
How many energy generating steps are there?
there are 3 steps
List the first energy generating step
Step #: G3P ↔ 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
(enzyme: glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase)
generates 2 NADH
Where do the NADHs from the first energy generating step go?
to electron transport chain for ATP production
List the second energy generating step
1,3-biphosphoglycerate ↔ 3-Phosphoglycerate
(enzyme: phosphoglycerate kinase)
generates 2 ATP