Kandpal - RNA processing

Question 1

What is called when your going form DNA to RNA?

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

What is a major difference between Eucaryotes and Procaryotes?

Answer 2

DNA is more complicated and mRNA goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the biggest difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mRNA?

Answer 3

Prokaryotic mRNA: unmodified ends, several proteins are made from one mRNA; Eukaryotic mRNA: modified ends, one protein is made from one mRNA

Question 4

T or F. Human factor VIII gene can be mutated in hemophilia?

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

Where are introns removed from?

Answer 5

The transcript and the method used is splicing.

Question 6

How does splicing occur?

Answer 6

“A” of intron attacks the 5’ splice site and a loop is created. Then 3’ OH of first exon attacks the exon/intron boundary, removes the intron and joins exons.

Question 7

Who is splicing carried out by?

Answer 7

Spliceosome (Complex of RNA proteins + small nuclear)

Question 8

What is the name when there is no enzymatic activities are involved in splicing?

Answer 8

Transesterification.

Question 9

Are all RNA processing reactions mediated by CTD of RNA Pol II?

Answer 9

Yes. It is also called cotranscriptional.

Question 10

Which area is splicing carried out?

Answer 10

A complex at pre-mRNA

Question 11

How long are the bases in length within the cytoplasmic RNAs?

Answer 11

100 to 300 bases

Question 12

What 3 types pf interactions occur during splicing?

Answer 12

1. Protein - Protein
2. Protein - RNA
3. RNA - RNA

Question 13

What is snRNP made of?

Answer 13

One single snRNA + 20 proteins

Question 14

How many proteins does the structural core of snRNP have?

Answer 14

8 proteins

Question 15

What are other names for snRNA but contain specific subfamily snRNA’s?

Answer 15

U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6

Question 16

If a protein has been recruited during splicing, what area is it bound to?

Answer 16

Exon to Exon junction

Question 17

What type of gene induces vasodiltation and maybe a neurotransmitter?

Answer 17

Calcitonin Gene.Related Peptide

Question 18

How many alpha and beta chains is hemoglobin made of?

Answer 18

2 alpha’s and 2 beta’s
Note: If you have a deficiency of any of these chains it will lead to thalassemias.
Ex. Deficiency of beta means little to no a2b2 and a-globin gets degraded in the absence of Beta

Question 19

Beta or Alpha, what is the splicing defect in thalassemia?

Answer 19

Beta-thalassemia (Autosomal recessive disease)

Question 20

What is the scientific name for Spinal Muscular Atrophy?

Answer 20

5q13 - Usually issues with movement of muscles

Question 21

For a splicing error, what product can be mutated?

Answer 21

SMN1. SMN1 can also be altered into SMN2.

Question 22

What is the percentage of mutations annotated on the human genome?

Answer 22

10%

Question 23

PRPF3, PRPF8 and PRPF31 are involved in the formation of what human disease?

Answer 23

retinitis pigmentosa

Question 24

What is the percentage of processing of tRNA’s in human cells, rRNA, tRNA and mRNA?

Answer 24

80% = Human Cells rRNA
15% = tRNA
1 to 5% mRNA

Question 25

What are the 2 apolipoprotein B codes for 2 different proteins, what are they are?

Answer 25

4563 amino acid protein = Liver

2152 amino acid protein = Intestine

Question 26

Name 4 diseases associated with Ato I RNA editing.

Answer 26

1. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
2. Epilepsy
3. Depression
4. Cancer’s