Kandpal - RNA processing Flashcards
What is called when your going form DNA to RNA?
Transcription
What is a major difference between Eucaryotes and Procaryotes?
DNA is more complicated and mRNA goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What is the biggest difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic mRNA?
Prokaryotic mRNA: unmodified ends, several proteins are made from one mRNA; Eukaryotic mRNA: modified ends, one protein is made from one mRNA
T or F. Human factor VIII gene can be mutated in hemophilia?
True.
Where are introns removed from?
The transcript and the method used is splicing.
How does splicing occur?
“A” of intron attacks the 5’ splice site and a loop is created. Then 3’ OH of first exon attacks the exon/intron boundary, removes the intron and joins exons.
Who is splicing carried out by?
Spliceosome (Complex of RNA proteins + small nuclear)
What is the name when there is no enzymatic activities are involved in splicing?
Transesterification.
Are all RNA processing reactions mediated by CTD of RNA Pol II?
Yes. It is also called cotranscriptional.
Which area is splicing carried out?
A complex at pre-mRNA
How long are the bases in length within the cytoplasmic RNAs?
100 to 300 bases
What 3 types pf interactions occur during splicing?
- Protein - Protein
- Protein - RNA
- RNA - RNA
What is snRNP made of?
One single snRNA + 20 proteins
How many proteins does the structural core of snRNP have?
8 proteins
What are other names for snRNA but contain specific subfamily snRNA’s?
U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6
If a protein has been recruited during splicing, what area is it bound to?
Exon to Exon junction
What type of gene induces vasodiltation and maybe a neurotransmitter?
Calcitonin Gene.Related Peptide
How many alpha and beta chains is hemoglobin made of?
2 alpha’s and 2 beta’s
Note: If you have a deficiency of any of these chains it will lead to thalassemias.
Ex. Deficiency of beta means little to no a2b2 and a-globin gets degraded in the absence of Beta
Beta or Alpha, what is the splicing defect in thalassemia?
Beta-thalassemia (Autosomal recessive disease)
What is the scientific name for Spinal Muscular Atrophy?
5q13 - Usually issues with movement of muscles
For a splicing error, what product can be mutated?
SMN1. SMN1 can also be altered into SMN2.
What is the percentage of mutations annotated on the human genome?
10%
PRPF3, PRPF8 and PRPF31 are involved in the formation of what human disease?
retinitis pigmentosa
What is the percentage of processing of tRNA’s in human cells, rRNA, tRNA and mRNA?
80% = Human Cells rRNA
15% = tRNA
1 to 5% mRNA
