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MCBM Part 1 > Brar- Amino Acid and Peptides > Flashcards

Brar- Amino Acid and Peptides Flashcards

1
Q

Out the 20 Amino Acids(AA), which is not chiral and does not have a beta carbon?

A

Glycine

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2
Q

What part of the AA gives it it’s individual property?

A

R-Group

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3
Q

What 3 things do amino acids serve as substrates for?

A
  1. Generation of energy
  2. Protien Synthesis
  3. Synthesis: Heme, Purines, Melanin, Pyrimidines
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4
Q

What is a good example of AA changing variations?

A

The H1N1 virus

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5
Q

Alpha or Beta, which amino acid has the amine group and carboxyl group attached to the same carbon?

A

Alpha

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6
Q

In Beta AA, How far apart are the amine and carboxyl group from one another?

A

two carbons apart

O=C - CH2 - CH2NH3

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7
Q

What type of amino acids are used in natural racemic proteins?

A

L-isomer and Alpha form amino acids

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8
Q

Which type of AA is an active Venomous protein (not on the slides).

A

D amino

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9
Q

What is the role for D-amino acids in bacteria?

A

govern stationary phase cell wall remodeling

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10
Q

Do D-amino acids modulate synthesis of peptidoglycan?

A

Yes, involving D-Met, D-Leu (Vibrio Cholerae)

D-Tyr and D-Phe (Bacillus subtilis)

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11
Q

T or F, The peptide bond is planar and favors the cis form over the trans form?

A

False. While it is true the bond is planar, the trans form is favored over the cis form due to a partial double bond characteristic.

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12
Q

In the presence of what product, will a peptide bond hydrolyze.
Hint: What speeds up a reaction?

A

A Catalyst

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13
Q

What determines how the protein folds?

A

Side chains

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14
Q

Are branched chain AA polar or non polar?

A

Very non polar (hydrophobic)

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15
Q

Name 3 branched AA

A
  1. Isoleucine
  2. Leucine
  3. Valine
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16
Q

Name the 2 functions of Hydroxyl AA’s.

A
  1. R-Groups contribute heavily on the formation of hydrogen bonds
  2. Form Covalent bonds with Carbs in glycoproteins and with Phosphate in phosphoproteins
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17
Q

What are the 5 most COMMON AA related disorders?

A

Cystinuria, Histidinemia, Phenylketonuria, Methylmalonyl CoA mutase deficiency, Albinism

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18
Q

Name the 4 most RARE type of AA related disorders.

A
  1. Homocystinuria
  2. Alkaptonuria
  3. Maple Syrup Urine Disease
  4. Cystathioninuria
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19
Q

A deficiency in cystathionine synthase leads to the accumulation of what two AA’s?

A

Homocysteine and methionine

20
Q

For Optometrist, a deficiency in cystathionine synthase can cause what?

A

Lens dislocation

21
Q

What disease is caused by a deficiency of branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase?

A

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

22
Q

Name the 4 issues Complete deficiency leads to in Maple Syrup Disease.

A
  1. Severe Mental Retardation
  2. Acidosis
  3. Sweet odor to urine
  4. Early death
23
Q

Name 9 Essential AA’s that must be obtained by diet.

A
  1. Valine
  2. Threonine
  3. Leucine
  4. Methionine
  5. Isoleucine
  6. Lysine
  7. Phenylalanine
  8. Histidine
  9. Tryptophan
24
Q

What is the name of the disease that has a lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

-Can cause mental retardtion, seizures, spascity and other neuro issues.

25
Q

Is Aspartame helpful or harmful if there is a lack of PKU

A

Harmful

26
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Cysteine

A

Cys and C

27
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Histidine

A

His and H

28
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Isoleucine

A

Ile and I

29
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Methionine

A

Met and M

30
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Serine

A

Ser and S

31
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Valine

A

Val and V

32
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Alanine

A

Ala and A

33
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Glycine

A

Gly and G

34
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Leucine

A

Leu and L

35
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Proline

A

Pro and P

36
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Threonine

A

Thr and T

37
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Arginine

A

Arg and R

38
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Asparagine

A

Asn and N

39
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Asparatate

A

Asp and D

40
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Glutamate

A

Glu and E

41
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Glutamine

A

Gln and Q

42
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Phenylalanine

A

Phe and F

43
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Tyrosine

A

Tyr and Y

44
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Tryptophan

A

Trp and W

45
Q

What is the 3 letter and single letter for Lysine

A

Lys and K

MCBM Part 1 (29 decks)

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