Kandpal - Translation 1

Question 1

What is the start codon?

Answer 1

AUG = Met

Question 2

Since there are 3 stop codons what are they?

Answer 2

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 3

What is the terminus for amino acids sequence in a protein?

Answer 3

N terminus to C terminus

Question 4

Since the genetic code is commaless and nonoverlapping. What does that mean?

Answer 4

Since there is no comma this causes potential changes in in the sequence.
Note: There are exceptions, AUG for N-formyl methoinine and methionine. UGA: stop codon and selenocysteine. UAG: Stop codon and oyrrolysin

Question 5

What are the 3 type of mutations?

Answer 5

1. Silent - change in nucleotide but does not change in the amino acid sequence (Mutattion in the 3rd position of a codon)
2. Missense - substitution of one amino acid for another
3. Nonsense - replacement of a sense codon with a stop codon

Question 6

How many consecutive bases in an mRNA can be read in a sequence?

Answer 6

3 frames for one strand

Question 7

For tRNA, what attaches the amino acid and a protein?

Answer 7

An adaptor.

Note: tRNA is a secondary and tertiary structure

Question 8

Modifications provides stability for tRNA’s against regeneration or degradation?

Answer 8

Degradation.

Question 9

At the 5’ end, what does it end with?

Answer 9

“G”

Question 10

AT the 3’ end, what does it end with?

Answer 10

CCA-3’

Note: the 3’ end is an amino acid attachment site

Question 11

If you have fewer than 61 codons it is a problem, what is the solution and how is this recognized?

Answer 11

The Wobble effect, an alternate base pairing, which it is a base pairing where it can understand where there is a non paired hydrogen bonding.

Question 12

What type of modified is especially promiscuous in non stranded base pairing?

Answer 12

Inosine, only found in tRNA

Question 13

The adaptor of the amino acid attached at what junction?

Answer 13

3’ OH of tRNA and is carried out by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Question 14

What is the intermediate where ATP is used for amino acid activation?

Answer 14

AMP. ATP is hydrolyzed and becomes AMP

Question 15

What are the 2 pockets for that scrutinize an amino acid?

Answer 15

Editing site and Synthesis site. This allows for proper sequence to be added.

Question 16

What are the 2 ways an enzyme recognizes t-RNA?

Answer 16

1. binding of anticodon to a 3- nucleotide binding pocket on the enzyme.
   
   2. making contact with the sequence in the acceptor stem.

Question 17

What may be a cause when selenoprotein N mutation?

Answer 17

Different forms of autosomal recessive muscle disorders

ie. Congenital muscular dystrophy with spinal rigidity (RSMD1)

Question 18

What are ribosomes?

Answer 18

Ribonucleoproteins with large “surface” and catalytic activity for protein synthesis

Question 19

What are the 3 sites on the large ribosome?

Answer 19

E-site: Exit of deacylated tRNA
P-site; Most recently added amino acid (Peptidyl tRNA)
A-site:incoming Aminoacyl tRNA

Question 20

Since there are 50s subunits and 30s subunits, how many assembled ribosomes are there?

Answer 20

70s, don’t do the math. lol

Question 21

What type of AA will cause non watson/crick base pairing?

Answer 21

Inosine