Synovial Joints Flashcards
What is the functional category of a synovial joint?
Diathroses
What is a synovial joint?
When a joint contains a synovial cavity to allow considerable movement
What is the fibrous capsule of the synovial joint?
The outer strong ligamentous attachment which is dense irregular connective tissue and is continuous with the periosteum
What is the Synovium?
The layer before the fibrous capsule which is the synovial membrane that secretes the synovial fluid - it lines the joint cavity except over the articular surface and the articular fibrocartilage disc
What cartilage is destroyed in arthritis?
The fibrocartilage between the articular cartilage
What is a bursa?
When the synovial membrane extends to either protect the tendons or just for extra cushioning
What are examples of when bursa’s form?
The knee and the shoulder
What is different about the fibrocartilage disc of the knee and the wrist?
It is called the menicus because it has a hole in the middle and its edge is attached to the joint capsule
What are the 3 movements of the synovial joints?
- Uniaxial
- Biaxial
- multiaxial
What are the 6 kinds of synovial joint?
- Plane Joint
- Saddle Joint
- Hinge Joint
- Pivot joint
- Ellipsoid joint
- Ball in socket joint
Describe the plane joint:
Two flat surfaces gliding and sliding
Always uniaxial
Limited by ligament and bone
What is an example of a plane joint?
- The acromioclavicular joint between the scapula and the clavicle
- The joints between vertebrae
What is a saddle joint?
Two saddle shaped articulating surfaces at right angles to each other one is concave the other convex
Biaxial
What is an example of a saddle joint?
The carpalmetacarpal joint in the thumb
What is the hinge joint?
one bone is concave and the other is cylindrical convex
uniaxial
the shape of the articulating surface stops hyper extension and ligaments provide support
What is an example of a hinge joint?
The joint between the humerus ulna and radius
The joint at the knee between the tibia femur
What is a pivot joint?
Uniaxial
A cylindrical bone that rotates in a ring of bone and ligament
Rotates longitudinal
What is an example of a pivot joint?
The Atlanto-axial joint of the atlas and axis (C1 and C2 vertebrae) and the proximal radioulnar and distal radioulnar
What is an ellipsoid joint?
Like ball in socket except ellipsoid in shape
One bone has an articulating surface and the other has a complementary shallow sphere
Biaxial or uniaxial
What is an example of a biaxial ellipsoid joint?
The antlanto-occipital between the C1 and the occipital bone of the skull
What is an example of a multiaxial ellipsoid joint?
The joint in the wrist called the radiocarpal between the radius and the carpal bones
What is a ball in socket joint?
Multiaxial
ball fits in socket
unstable and easy to dislocate
What is an example of a ball and socket joint?
The coxal (hip) and the glenohumeral (shoulder)
What are the limitations of the synovial joints?
Movement limited by tension of joint capsule and the shape and extent of articulating surfaces
