Synapses and neural integration

Question 1

how do we measure communication between neurons

Answer 1

electrically via neurophysciology

chemically via microdialysis

Question 2

what is neurophysiology

Answer 2

branch of physiology that deals with flow of ions in brain tissue and the measurement of flow

Question 3

what is microdialysis

Answer 3

allows measurement of levels of chemicals in brain, liquid is pumped down into dialysis tubing

Question 4

what are four types of neurophysiological recordings?

Answer 4

EEG- less specific
multi-cell recording- large groups of cells at same time
single cell recording- more specific
intracellular- highly specific , fine electrode into cell body, specific recording

Question 5

advantages and disadvantages of electorencephalogram

Answer 5

non-invase, high temporal resolution(look at milliseconds resolution)
low spatial resoultion, only record from cortex, through skull

Question 6

describe mu.ti cell recording 3

Answer 6

invasive
implanting electrodes into brain
record brain rhythyms from groups of neurons (allows to see if synchronous firing occurs- waves of avtivity)

Question 7

what does synchronous firing produce

Answer 7

measurable waves of activity on LFP

Question 8

advantages and disadvantages of multi cell recording

Answer 8

ok spatial and temporal resolution

only record groups of neurons- not action potentials and invasive

Question 9

what is single cell recording

Answer 9

implant microelectrodes

use to train animasl

Question 10

advantages and disadvantages of single cell recording

Answer 10

extracellular recording (no knowlwedge of intracellular events)
invase

Question 11

what is intacellular measurements

Answer 11

allow us to understand action potentials

Question 12

advantages and disadvantages of intracellular

Answer 12

very high spatial resolution(specific neuron) and examine sub-cellular processes
only one cell at a time, only in anaethesised anumals

Question 13

how do neurons communicate across the synapse

Answer 13

terminal buttons with vesicles containing neurotransmitters, neurotrsnmitters are released from pre-synaptic membrane of terminal button and neurotransmitters act on post-synaptic receptors on dendritrd

Question 14

what are two types of receptors

Answer 14

ionotropic and metabotropic

Question 15

what are ionotropic receptors 2

Answer 15

transmit information quickly, relatively simple mechanism

Question 16

what are metabotropic receptors

Answer 16

slow acting and long lasting, complex mechanism

Question 17

what are two types of neurotransmitterq

Answer 17

excitatory and inhibitory

Question 18

what are excitatory neurotransmitters 3

Answer 18

cause depolarisation - produce action potentials, also known as EPSP, glutamate

Question 19

what are inhibitory neurotransmitters 3

Answer 19

causes hyperpolarisation- stops action potentials, IPSP, GABA

Question 20

what is the two comaprtment hypothesis?

Answer 20

neuron split into 2 functional compartments;

Question 21

what are the 2 functional compartments of neuron

Answer 21

soma, basal dendrites and axon

apical dendritic tree