anxiety

Question 1

what do people with phobic beliefs have

Answer 1

develop a set of dysfunctional beliefs about their phobic stimulus or event

Question 2

when are beliefs challenged

Answer 2

rarely because the phobic avoids situations where belief may be disconfirmed- negative reinforcement

Question 3

what are the two type of belief in relation to phobia

Answer 3

harm beliefs

response beliefs

Question 4

what is typically the cause of phobias

Answer 4

classical fear conditioning

Question 5

what is mowrers two factor model

Answer 5

pairing of stimulus with aversive UCs leads to fear (classical conditioning)
avoidance maintained through negtaive reinforcement (operant conditioning)

Question 6

what are three problems with conditioning accounts of phobias

Answer 6

many pphobics cannot recall traumatic event involving phobia
not all who have a traumtic conditioning experience develop phobia
phobias only appear to develop in relation to certain stimuli and events

Question 7

what is biological prepardeness

Answer 7

evolutionary selection pressures have developed biological predispositions

Question 8

explain predispositions

Answer 8

enable us to learn to quickly fear certain stimuli

Question 9

what is disgust

Answer 9

a food rejection emotion whose purpose is to prevent transmission of illness and disease

Question 10

what is the disease avoidance model of phobias

Answer 10

high levels of disgust sensitivity associated with
small animal phobias
spiders
blood etc

Question 11

what are three ways that phobias may be acquired

Answer 11

classical / operant conditioning
biological preparedness
the disgust emotion

Question 12

what are three successful phobia treatments

Answer 12

exposure therapy
virtual reality exposure treatment
counterconditioning

Question 13

what are three exposure therapys

Answer 13

systematic desnsitization
flooding
address beliefs

Question 14

what is counterconditioning

Answer 14

therapist creates positive response by calming client

Question 15

how is SAD diagnosed

Answer 15

composite international diagnostic interview (WHO)

Question 16

how are twin studies used for SAD

Answer 16

show gentic component for anxiousness and social avoidance

Question 17

what are 4 cognitive factors SAD

Answer 17

information and interpretation bias
interpret performance significantly more critically
self-focussed attention
excessive post event processing of social events

Question 18

what are 5 treatments for SAD

Answer 18

behaviour analysis
exposition
cognitive restructuring
social skills training
drug treatments

Question 19

descirbe behaviour analysis treatment

Answer 19

ABC approach
identify most feares situations
identify dysfunctional behaviour and thoughts
indentify consequences

Question 20

describe exposition treatment

Answer 20

go into feared situation and counterconditioning