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Y2: PS2001 > schizophrenia > Flashcards

schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

what do twin studies show for schizophrenia

A

there is a genetic component
not a simple one tho- twins can be discordant
large number of genes play a role

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2
Q

what is a gene associated with schizophrenia

A

DISC1

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3
Q

what was the first drug therapy discovered schizophrenia

A

chloropromazine

dopamine agonist

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4
Q

how does dopamine agonist affect schizophrenia

A

inhibits dopamine activity

manipuation affects all dopamine systems leading to tardive dyskenesia

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5
Q

what is the dopamine hypothesis

A

D2 and D3 receptor antagonist greatly reduced the positive symptoms - hallucinations etc
dopamine agonists can produce psychotic positive symptoms

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6
Q

what are the two dopamine systems

A

substantia nigra

ventral tegmental area- up to nucleus accumbens and neocortex

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7
Q

what are physical brain abnormalities in schizophrenia (3)

A

ventricles are enlarged- thrown through mri scans of MZ twins
reduced cerebral grey matter
dramatic loss of cortical grey matter in adolescence-

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8
Q

what is hypofrontality

A

negative symptoms associated with dorsolateral perfrontal cortex

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9
Q

how does schizophrenia affect neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex

A

decreased NMDA and dopamine

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10
Q

what are two problems associated with drug treatments and dopamine in schizophrenic patients

A

levels are decreased in prefrontal cortex
levels are increased in midbrain
how can we increas in one area and decrease in another?

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11
Q

what is solution for dopamine problem with drug treatment in schizophrenia

A

partial agonists

atypical schizophrenia drugs reduce dopamine in nucleus accumbens and increase it in prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

what are two affective disorders

A

bipolar- periods of mania

unipolar- major depressive disorder

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13
Q

which gene is likely to be associated with affective disorders

A

serotonin transporter

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14
Q

what are two points about the genetic basis of depression

A

short alleles for the serotonin transporter gene increase the risk of depression but only in people who suffer stressful life events
interaction of genetics adn environement

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15
Q

what are physical brain abnormalities in patients with affective disorders

A

reduced volume of amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex

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16
Q

how is the amygdala associated with affective disorders

A

processes fear and anger producing stimuli
activity is reset after fearful stimuli by inhibition from anterioir cingulate - this is less prominant in depressed peopel

17
Q

what is the monoamine hypothesis

A

decreases monaminergic activity causes depression

many classes of drug that affect this help alleviate depression

18
Q

what is electroconvulsive therapy

A

deep brain stimulation

Y2: PS2001 (35 decks)

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