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Y2: PS2001 > depression, bipolar and schizoaffective disorder > Flashcards

depression, bipolar and schizoaffective disorder Flashcards

1
Q

10 DSM-5 symptoms of depression

A 
depressed mood
diminished interests
weight loss
insomnia
psychomotor agitation
loss of energy
dimished ability to think or concentrate
thoughts of death
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2
Q

what are 4 characteristics of depression

A

psychological symptoms
motivational deficits
physical symptoms
cognitive symptoms

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3
Q

what is bipolar disorder

A

persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least one week alternating episodes of major depression
severe mania severe depression

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4
Q

what are 5 DSM5 symptoms of bipolar

A

inflated self esteem
decreased need for sleep
distractibility
increased risky behaviour

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5
Q

what are 3 behavioural features of hypomania

A

racing thoughts
poor judgement
increased reckless behaviour

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6
Q

what is schizoaffective disorder

A

an uninterupted period of illnes during which there is a major mood episode

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7
Q

what are the two mood episodes in schizoaffective disorder

A

bipolar and depressive

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8
Q

what are 4 delusions of schizoaffective disorder

A

grandeur - beign famous
persecution- others trying to harm them
control- thoughts controlled by external forces
reference- radio or tv taking to them

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9
Q

what do hallucinations affect

A

visual, auditory, olfactory and somatosensory domain

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10
Q

what is the medical treatment for MDD

A

tricyclic antidepressents

SSRIs

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11
Q

what is the medical treatment for bipolar disorder

A

lithium- mood stabiliser

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12
Q

what is the medical treatment of schizoaffective disorder

A

manic type- lithium antipsychotics
depressive type- tricyclic antidepressents and SSRIs
antipsychotics

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13
Q

what are the four biological theories for MDD

A

genetic factors
neurochemical
brain abnormalities
neurenodocrinal factors/stress

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14
Q

describe the neurochemical factors role in MDD

A

associated with low levels of brain transmitters

depression can be treated by drugs that raise levels of serotonin and noradrenaline

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15
Q

what are the two neurotransmitter associated with MDD

A

serotonin

noradrenalin/norepinephrine

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16
Q

what are the 5 brain areas associated with MDD

A 
prefrontal cortex
anterioir cingulate cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
cerebellum
17
Q

what neural substrate potentially associated with the functions of MDD

A

insular cortex

18
Q

how was the potential involvement of insular cortex in MDD explored

A

questionnaires and VBM-MRI

19
Q

what is depression associated with

A

high levels of cortisol

20
Q

what is cortisol

A

is released in stressful situations

21
Q

why is permanent release of cortisol harmful

A

its neurotoxic and can lead to atrophic changes in brain

22
Q

what are the three psychological theories of MDD

A

cognitive
learned helplessness
attributional studies

23
Q

what are the cognitive theories

A

negative cognitions and slef-schema

24
Q

what did aaron beck propose

A

cognitive theory

25
Q

what did cognitive theory propose

A

depression maintained by negative thinking and negative schemas

26
Q

what are negative schemas charcterised

A

negative triad

27
Q

what is becks negative triad

A

identifying- helping client recognise negative automatic thoughts
linking- help clients see how their negative automatic thoughts activate and perpetuate mood states
modifying- help clients generate alternative ways of thinking

28
Q

what is learned helplessness

A

theory of depression that argues people become depressed followinf unavoidable negative life events

29
Q

what are attributional studies

A

depressd individuals tend to attribute negative events to causes that cannot be easily changed or manipulated

30
Q

what are the three factors in attributional studies

A

internal
stable
global

31
Q

what are the 6 biological treatments for MDD

A 
drug therapy
electroconvuslive therapy
neurosurgery for mental disorder
social skills training
behavioural activation therapy
32
Q

how do SSRIs work

A

SSRIs are also able to trigger neurogenesis in the hippocampis

33
Q

how do drug treatments for MDD work

A

effect by increasing levels of brain neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline

34
Q

what is electroconvulsive therapy

A

common when can not be controlled by medication

induces neurogenesis in hippocampal regions

35
Q

what is neurosurgery for MDD

A

anterioir capsultomy

anterior cingulotomy

36
Q

what is social skills therapy

A

assums depression in part results from individuals ability to communicate and socialise

37
Q

what are two features of social skills training

A

role playing tasks, positive reinforcement

use of eye contact

38
Q

what is behavioural activation therapy

A

increasing clients access to pleasent events
daily monitoring of pleasent events
social skills

39
Q

what is cognitive therapy

A

helping individuals idnetify their negative beliefs

assisring clients challenge negative beliefs

Y2: PS2001 (35 decks)

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