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BDS 2: CHHD > Swelling of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Swelling of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the neck called?

A
  • Anterior triangle

- Posterior triangle

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2
Q

Anatomically where is the anterior triangle of the neck located?

A

Below digastric, in front of

sternomastoid

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3
Q

Anatomically where is the posterior triangle of the neck located?

A

Behind sternomastoid, in front of trapezius, above clavicle

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4
Q

What are the two classifications of head and neck swelling?

A
  • Acquired

- Developmental

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5
Q

What are the different types of acquired HN swelling? (4)

A
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Immunological
  • Neoplastic
    (Malignant/Benign)
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6
Q

Name some conditions that are classified as developmental HN swelling (7)

A
  • Branchial cyst
  • Thyroglossal cyst
  • Dermoid cyst
  • Epidermal cyst
  • Cystic hygroma
  • Fibrous dysplasia
  • Cervical rib
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7
Q

When examining a lump what things do you need to look out for? (10)

A
  • Site
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Surface
  • Texture
  • Temperature
  • Tenderness
  • Surrounding tissue
  • Mobility
  • Drainage lymph nodes
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8
Q

What is a branchial cyst?

A

Proliferation of epithelial remnants from second

branchial cleft within lymph nodes

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9
Q

Which age group is most affected by a branchial cyst?

A

Children and adolescents

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10
Q

Describe the texture and nature of a branchial cyst

A
  • Fluid filled
  • Soft
  • Smooth
  • Globular
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11
Q

Where is a branchial cyst located?

A

Upper part of the lateral neck beneath anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

What is the most common developmental cyst of the neck?

A

Thyroglossal Cyst

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13
Q

What is a Thyroglossal Cyst?

A

Failure of complete descent of thyroid tissue from

foramen caecum with subsequent cystification

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14
Q

Which age group is most affected by a Thyroglossal cyst?

A

Common in children and young adults

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15
Q

Where is a Thyroglossal cyst located?

A

Midline swelling in neck above level of thyroid

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16
Q

Describe the movement of a thyroglossal cyst

A

Swelling often moves on swallowing or tongue protrusion

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17
Q

What is a Dermoid cyst?

A

Proliferation of epithelial rests

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18
Q

Which age group is most affected by a dermoid cyst?

A

Young adults

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19
Q

Where is a dermoid cyst located?

A

Lateral neck swelling, floor of mouth above mylohoid muscle

20
Q

Describe the texture and nature of a dermoid cyst

A
  • Fluid filled
  • Soft
  • Smooth
  • Globular
21
Q

What is cystic hygroma?

A

Proliferation of sequestrated lymphatic endothelium of

the jugular sac

22
Q

When does cystic hygroma present itself?

A

Presents at birth or manifests during infancy/

childhood

23
Q

Where is a cystic hygroma located?

A

Lower third of neck

24
Q

Describe the texture and nature of a cystic hygroma

A
  • Spongy
  • Soft
  • Translucent
25
Q

Why do lymph nodes enlarge? (2)

A
  • Increase in the number of cells

- Infiltration of nodes with cells

26
Q

At what age does lymphadenopathy becomes worrying (malignancy)?

A

Patients over the age of 50 only 40% are benign

27
Q

Name some systemic bacterial infections that can cause cervical lymphadenopathy (2)

A
  • TB

- Syphillis

28
Q

Name some systemic viral infections that can cause cervical lymphadenopathy (2)

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • HIV infection
29
Q

What is Pyogenic Lymphadenopathy

A

Oral inflammatory conditions (ie dental

abscess)

30
Q

Describe the consistency of Pyogenic Lymphadenopathy

A
  • Soft when acute

- Not fixed to surrounding tissue

31
Q

What causes infectious mononucleosis?

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

32
Q

Who is most affected by Viral Lymphadenopathy?

A

Young adults

33
Q

What are some clinical features of Viral Lymphadenopathy? (3)

A
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Sore throat
34
Q

Describe the nature of the lymph nodes during Viral Lymphadenopathy

A
  • Firm
  • Discrete
  • Tender
  • Mobile
35
Q

What is Tuberculous lymphadenopathy?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted by sputum droplets from infected patients

36
Q

What are some clinical features of Tuberculous lymphadenopathy? (6)

A
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Persistent cough
  • Shortness of breath
37
Q

Which lymphadenopathy causes ulcer formation on dorsum of tongue?

A

Tuberculous lymphadenopathy

38
Q

Who is most affected by malignant Lymphadenopathy?

A

Arise in middle-aged & elderly

39
Q

What type of Malignant Lymphadenopathy arises in children and young adults?

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

40
Q

What are some clinical features of Malignant lymphadenopathy? (4)

A
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss
41
Q

Who is most affected by Metastatic carcinoma?

A

Seen in middle-aged & elderly

42
Q

Describe the nature of a Metastatic carcinoma

A
  • Indurated mass
  • Fixed to surrounding tissue
  • Rocky hard
  • Painless
43
Q

What is a Cervical rib?

A

Congenital condition where you are born with an extra rib which arises from the 7th cervical vertebra

44
Q

What are some neurological symptoms of someone with a cervical rib? (3)

A
  • Pain
  • Paraesthesia
  • Anaesthesia of forearm and hands
45
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

Benign tumor made of fat tissue

46
Q

Where is a lipoma predominantly found?

A

Posterior neck space is the most common site

BDS 2: CHHD (28 decks)

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