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BDS 2: CHHD > Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key common symptoms of respiratory diseases? (4)

A
  • Cough
  • Chest pain
  • Haemoptysis (coughing blood)
  • Dyspnoea (shortness of breath)
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2
Q

What are other (minor) symptoms of respiratory diseases? (5)

A
  • Wheezing
  • Fever
  • Hoarse voice
  • Weight loss
  • Stridor (Harsh inspiratory noise)
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3
Q

What does the SOCRATES pain assessment stand for?

A
  • Site (where?)
  • Onset (when?)
  • Character (what is the pain like?)
  • Radiation (does pain radiate anywhere?)
  • Associations (other symptoms?)
  • Time course (any pattern?)
  • Exacerbating factors (does anything change the pain?)
  • Severity
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4
Q

What history do you need to ask when someone has symptoms of Dyspnoea?

A
  • Onset
  • Severity
  • Exacerbating factors
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5
Q

What history do you need to ask when someone has symptoms of a Cough?

A
  • Onset
  • Character
  • Exacerbating factors
  • Associations
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6
Q

What history do you need to ask when someone has symptoms of Chest pain?

A

SOCRATES

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7
Q

What questions do you need to ask someone who’s coughing phlegm? (5)

A
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Colour
  • Consistency
  • Smell
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8
Q

What questions do you need to ask someone who’s coughing Blood? (4)

(Haemoptysis)

A
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Colour
  • Whether they’re not vomiting blood
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9
Q

What features from a hand examination could suggest respiratory diseases? (4)

A
  • Tar staining
  • Peripheral Cyanosis (blue finger tips)
  • Tremors
  • Finger clubbing
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10
Q

What is asthma?

A

Common chronic inflammatory condition of the airways

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11
Q

Name some clinical symptoms of asthma

A
  • Wheeze
  • Dyspnoea
  • Chest tightness
  • Cough
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12
Q

When are symptoms of asthma the worst?

A

The night and early morning

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13
Q

What does PEFR stand for

A

Peak expiatory flow rate

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14
Q

How can the use of a bronchodilator help diagnose between asthma and COPD

A
  • If PEFR improves after bronchodilator then patient has asthma
  • If no improvement and patient is a smoker then COPD
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15
Q

How can asthma be investigated? (3)

A
  • PEFR
  • Spirometry
  • Blood test
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16
Q

How can asthma be managed? (4)

A
  • Patient education
  • Smoking advice
  • Avoiding triggers
  • Use of inhalers
17
Q

What is the dental relevance of asthma? (3)

A
  • GA & IV best avoided
  • Avoid trigger drugs
  • Increased tooth erosion
18
Q

What is Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A

Common, progressive, poorly reversible airflow limitation associated with persistent inflammatory response of the lungs

19
Q

What are the risk factors associated with COPD?

A
  • Smoking
  • Air pollutants
  • Occupational dust/chemicals
  • Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (early COPD)
20
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Airway obstruction from chronic mucosal inflammation, mucus gland hypertrophy, mucus hypersecretion and bronchospasm

21
Q

Explain the link between cough and sputum production with chronic bronchitis?

A

Persistent cough and sputum production on most days for three months of the year in two successive years

22
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Dilatation of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveoli, reducing the alveolar surface area available for gaseous exchange

23
Q

What is the dental relevance of COPD? (4)

A
  • Best treated upright
  • Advised to bring inhaler
  • Rubber dan can obstruct breathing
  • Best treated under LA
24
Q

What is Pneumonia?

A

Acute infection of the lung parenchyma, usually by bacteria

25
Q

What risk factors are associated with Pneumonia? (5)

Think habits and associated diseases

A
  • Smoking
  • Chronic lung disease
  • Chronic heart diseases
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Immunosuppression
26
Q

What is primary pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia that develops independently of other diseases

27
Q

What colour sputum does someone with pneumonia produce?

A

Yellow-Green due to infection

28
Q

How can Pneumonia be managed? (3)

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Supplemental oxygen therapy
  • Smoking/Tobacco advice
29
Q

What complications can arise from Pneumonia?

A
  • Lung abscess
  • Respiratory failure
  • Empyema (pus in body cavity)
30
Q

Dental relevance of pneumonia?

A
  • Defer all dental treatment until recovery

- Avoid GA

31
Q

What is Tuberculosis (TB)?

A

Chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

32
Q

When can active TB develop?

A

Shortly after infection in impaired immunity due to ageing/substance abuse/HIV/cancer

33
Q

What are the symptoms of someone with TB? (7)

A
  • Chronic cough
  • Haemoptysis
  • Weight loss
  • Night sweats
  • Fever
  • Productive sputum
  • Lymphadenopathy
34
Q

TB is treated with a combination of which 4 drugs? (RIPE)

How long for?

A
  • Rifampicin (6 months)
  • Isoniazid (6 months)
  • Pyrazinamide (2 months)
  • Ethambutol (2 months)
35
Q 
What is the dental relevance of TB?
Contagious?
Splatter?
Sedation?
Complications of TB?
A
  • TB is contagious, dental treatment best deferred until treated
  • Use rubber dam and avoid ultrasonic instruments
  • Avoid GA, LA safe
  • Ulcers in mouth
36
Q

What is the male:female incidence of lung cancer

A

3:1

37
Q

What are some causes of lung cancer? (5)

A
  • Smoking (major)
  • Asbestos
  • Radon (from granite)
  • Arsenic
  • Coal tar
38
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Autosomal recessive hereditary disorder where the body produces thick and sticky mucus that can clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas

39
Q

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a defect in which protein?

What does this protein regulate?

A
  • CFTR

- Cl- and Na+ transport across exocrine glands

BDS 2: CHHD (28 decks)

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