Dermatology I Flashcards
Define macule
Localised area of colour or textural change
in skin
Define Papule
Small solid elevation of skin less than 5 mm in diameter
Define Nodule
Small solid elevation of skin greater than 5 mm in diameter
List some diseases that may be suggested by finger clubbing
- Crohns disease
- Lung cancer
- Graves’ disease
- Endocarditis
- TB
What are some conditions linked with nail pitting (5)
- Psoriasis
- Lichen planus
- Reiter’s syndrome
- Incontinentia pigmenti
- Alopecia areata
Name some nail abnormalities that may indicate systemic diseases (7)
- Finger clubbing
- Nail pitting
- Koilonychia
- Beau’s lines
- Splinter haemorrhages
- Herpetic whitlow
- Paronychia
Name some causes of Beau’s lines (3)
- Raynaud’s phenomenon
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Trauma
Name some causes of Splinter haemorrhages (4)
- Trauma
- Infective endocarditis
- Peptic ulcers
- Malignancy
What is the underlying cause of finger clubbing?
Obstruction of finger capillaries by megakaryocytes
What is herpetic whitlow?
Swelling, reddening and tenderness of the skin of infected finger due to HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
What conditions are herpetic whitlow linked with? (2)
- Pyrexia
- Lymphadenopathy
What is Paronychia?
Localised superficial irritation of epidermis bordering nails
List some malignant skin tumours (4)
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
- Cutaneous lymphoma
What are some predisposing factors of BCC/SCC (6)
- UV radiation
- Skin type I or II(freckles)
- Burns
- Immunosuppression
- Tar
- Arsenic
What BCCs are more common, nodular or superficial?
Nodular BCC
Describe the growth of most BCCs
Grow slowly and are nonaggressive
What type of tumour are SCCs?
Malignant tumour of keratinocytes
Where do SCCs normally arise?
Usually arises in areas of damaged skin
What are malignant melanomas?
Malignant tumour of melanocytes which usually arises in the epidermis
Which gender is more affected by malignant melanomas?
Females
Common areas of malignant melanomas for males and females?
- Female = Lower leg
- Male = Back
What changes in lesions may suggest diagnosis of malignant melanomas? (6)
- Increase in size
- Irregular outline
- Colour variation
- Erythema at edge
- Itching
- Crusting, oozing or bleeding
What are some predisposing factors of malignant melanomas? (4)
- UV radiation
- Skin type I or II
- Pre-existing melanocytes lesions
- Family history
What is psoriasis?
- A chronic non-infectious, relapsing inflammatory condition
- Increased numbers of cycling epidermal cells
What are some presentation patterns of psoriasis? (4)
- Plaque
- Guttate
- Flexural
- Pus
What are some causes of psoriasis? (6)
- Koebner phenomenon (follows trauma)
- Infection
- Drugs (beta blockers)
- Stress
- Alcohol
- Sunlight
Describe the appearance of psoriasis
- Well-defined disc shaped plaques
- Plaques usually red and covered by white scales
What are some treatments for psoriasis? (5)
- Coal tar
- Corticosteroids
- Retinoids
- Vitamin D
- Biological therapy
What are some dental aspects of psoriasis? (3)
- Can cause geographic tongue
- Some treatment drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia and oral ulceration
- Can cause destructive TMJ disease
What does atopic eczema normally affect?
Classically affects face and knee and elbow flexures
How does atopic eczema have a long life?
Itch scratch cycle
Atopy is the inherited tendency to develop what condition? (5)
- Eczema
- Asthma
- Hayfever
- Urticaria
- Dermographism
What is Seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Associated with yeast Pityrosporum ovale
How may you treat eczema? (3)
- Emollients and soap substitutes - Topical corticosteroids
- Immunosuppressants
What is the difference between eczema and dermatitis?
Eczema and dermatitis are interchangeable
What are some dental aspects of eczema (4)
- Association with atopy
- Perioral dermatitis
- Exfoliative cheilitis
- Oral allergy syndrome
