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BDS 2: CHHD > Dermatology I > Flashcards

Dermatology I Flashcards

1
Q

Define macule

A

Localised area of colour or textural change

in skin

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2
Q

Define Papule

A

Small solid elevation of skin less than 5 mm in diameter

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3
Q

Define Nodule

A

Small solid elevation of skin greater than 5 mm in diameter

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4
Q

List some diseases that may be suggested by finger clubbing

A
  • Crohns disease
  • Lung cancer
  • Graves’ disease
  • Endocarditis
  • TB
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5
Q

What are some conditions linked with nail pitting (5)

A
  • Psoriasis
  • Lichen planus
  • Reiter’s syndrome
  • Incontinentia pigmenti
  • Alopecia areata
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6
Q

Name some nail abnormalities that may indicate systemic diseases (7)

A
  • Finger clubbing
  • Nail pitting
  • Koilonychia
  • Beau’s lines
  • Splinter haemorrhages
  • Herpetic whitlow
  • Paronychia
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7
Q

Name some causes of Beau’s lines (3)

A
  • Raynaud’s phenomenon
  • Pemphigus vulgaris
  • Trauma
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8
Q

Name some causes of Splinter haemorrhages (4)

A
  • Trauma
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Malignancy
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9
Q

What is the underlying cause of finger clubbing?

A

Obstruction of finger capillaries by megakaryocytes

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10
Q

What is herpetic whitlow?

A

Swelling, reddening and tenderness of the skin of infected finger due to HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

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11
Q

What conditions are herpetic whitlow linked with? (2)

A
  • Pyrexia

- Lymphadenopathy

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12
Q

What is Paronychia?

A

Localised superficial irritation of epidermis bordering nails

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13
Q

List some malignant skin tumours (4)

A
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Malignant melanoma
  • Cutaneous lymphoma
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14
Q

What are some predisposing factors of BCC/SCC (6)

A
  • UV radiation
  • Skin type I or II(freckles)
  • Burns
  • Immunosuppression
  • Tar
  • Arsenic
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15
Q

What BCCs are more common, nodular or superficial?

A

Nodular BCC

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16
Q

Describe the growth of most BCCs

A

Grow slowly and are nonaggressive

17
Q

What type of tumour are SCCs?

A

Malignant tumour of keratinocytes

18
Q

Where do SCCs normally arise?

A

Usually arises in areas of damaged skin

19
Q

What are malignant melanomas?

A

Malignant tumour of melanocytes which usually arises in the epidermis

20
Q

Which gender is more affected by malignant melanomas?

A

Females

21
Q

Common areas of malignant melanomas for males and females?

A
  • Female = Lower leg

- Male = Back

22
Q

What changes in lesions may suggest diagnosis of malignant melanomas? (6)

A
  • Increase in size
  • Irregular outline
  • Colour variation
  • Erythema at edge
  • Itching
  • Crusting, oozing or bleeding
23
Q

What are some predisposing factors of malignant melanomas? (4)

A
  • UV radiation
  • Skin type I or II
  • Pre-existing melanocytes lesions
  • Family history
24
Q

What is psoriasis?

A
  • A chronic non-infectious, relapsing inflammatory condition

- Increased numbers of cycling epidermal cells

25
Q

What are some presentation patterns of psoriasis? (4)

A
  • Plaque
  • Guttate
  • Flexural
  • Pus
26
Q

What are some causes of psoriasis? (6)

A
  • Koebner phenomenon (follows trauma)
  • Infection
  • Drugs (beta blockers)
  • Stress
  • Alcohol
  • Sunlight
27
Q

Describe the appearance of psoriasis

A
  • Well-defined disc shaped plaques

- Plaques usually red and covered by white scales

28
Q

What are some treatments for psoriasis? (5)

A
  • Coal tar
  • Corticosteroids
  • Retinoids
  • Vitamin D
  • Biological therapy
29
Q

What are some dental aspects of psoriasis? (3)

A
  • Can cause geographic tongue
  • Some treatment drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia and oral ulceration
  • Can cause destructive TMJ disease
30
Q

What does atopic eczema normally affect?

A

Classically affects face and knee and elbow flexures

31
Q

How does atopic eczema have a long life?

A

Itch scratch cycle

32
Q

Atopy is the inherited tendency to develop what condition? (5)

A
  • Eczema
  • Asthma
  • Hayfever
  • Urticaria
  • Dermographism
33
Q

What is Seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Associated with yeast Pityrosporum ovale

34
Q

How may you treat eczema? (3)

A
  • Emollients and soap substitutes - Topical corticosteroids

- Immunosuppressants

35
Q

What is the difference between eczema and dermatitis?

A

Eczema and dermatitis are interchangeable

36
Q

What are some dental aspects of eczema (4)

A
  • Association with atopy
  • Perioral dermatitis
  • Exfoliative cheilitis
  • Oral allergy syndrome

BDS 2: CHHD (28 decks)

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