Haematology 2 White Blood Cell disorders

Question 1

What are the two types of agranular leukocytes?

Answer 1

• Lymphocytes

- Monocytes

Question 2

What are the three types of granular leukocytes?

Answer 2

• Basophil
• Neutrophil
• Eosinophil

Question 3

What is leucocytosis?

Answer 3

An increase in the number of white cells in the blood (>11x10^9 /L)

Question 4

When can reactive leucocytosis occur?

Answer 4

When there is infection or inflammation present

Question 5

What happens to someone with leukaemia?

Answer 5

Over-production of abnormal white blood cells (leucocytosis)

Question 6

What medication can be taken to combat leucocytosis?

Answer 6

Prednisolone

Question 7

What are myeloproliferative diseases?

Answer 7

Blood cancers in which the bone marrow makes too many abnormal RBCs, WBCs or platelets

Question 8

What is leucopenia?

Answer 8

Reduction in the number of white cells in the blood (< 4x10^9 / L)

Question 9

What could cause leucopenia?

Answer 9

Overwhelming bacterial/viral infections

Question 10

Acute leukaemia is the proliferation of which cells?

Answer 10

Proliferation of immature blast cells (“-blasts”)

Question 11

Chronic leukaemia is the proliferation of which cells?

Answer 11

Proliferation of mature cells (“-cytes”)

Question 12

In regards to leukaemia ALL is an acronym for what?

Which cells are affected?

Answer 12

• Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

- Lymphoblasts

Question 13

In regards to leukaemia AML is an acronym for what?

Which cells are affected?

Answer 13

• Acute myeloid leukaemia

- Myeloblasts

Question 14

In regards to leukaemia CML is an acronym for what?

Which cells are affected?

Answer 14

• Chronic myeloid leukaemia

- Myelocytes

Question 15

In regards to leukaemia CLL is an acronym for what?

Which cells are affected?

Answer 15

• Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

- Lymphocytes

Question 16

ALL is most prevalent in which age group?

Answer 16

More common in children

Question 17

AML is most prevalent in which age group?

Answer 17

More common in adults

Question 18

What are some of the signs and symptoms of someone with low RBCs? (3)

Answer 18

• Fatigue
• Pallor
• Inability to perform routine chores

Question 19

What are some of the signs and symptoms of someone with low platelets? (3)

Answer 19

• Mucosal Bleeding
• Petechiae (spots on skin)
• Easy bruising/bleeding

Question 20

What are some of the signs and symptoms of someone with low functional WBCs? (2)

Answer 20

• Increased susceptibility to infections

- Poor wound healing

Question 21

What are some of the signs and symptoms of someone with low dysfunctional WBCs? (3)

Answer 21

• Unusual fullness
• Gingival enlargement
• Lymph node enlargement

Question 22

What are lymphomas?

Answer 22

Malignant proliferation of the lymphocytes

Question 23

What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Answer 23

B-cell dysfunction resulting in the accumulation of abnormal B cells

Question 24

Name some clinical features of Hodgkins lymphoma (7)

Answer 24

• Lymph nodes enlargement
• Fatigue
• Night sweats
• Fever
• Anorexia
• Bone Pain
• Pruritus (itch)

Question 25

What are the treatment options for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

Answer 25

• Radiation therapy
• Chemo therapy
• Bone marrow transplant

Question 26

What are the dental aspects to consider with Hodgkin’s lymphoma? (3)

Answer 26

• Increased oral infections
• Bleeding tendencies
• LA reginal blocks should be avoided if there is any bleeding tendencies

Question 27

What is Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

Answer 27

Affects B or T associated subtypes

Question 28

What is Burkitt’s lymphoma?

Answer 28

Burkitt lymphoma is a form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in which cancer starts in immune cells called B-cells.

Question 29

What is multiple myeloma?

Answer 29

Proliferation of malignant plasma cells

Question 30

What are the clinical features of multiple myeloma? (6)

Answer 30

• Anemia
• Petechiae
• Infections
• Bleeding
• Bone pain
• Osteoporosis