Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS 2: CHHD > Gastroenterology: Lower GIT diseases > Flashcards

Gastroenterology: Lower GIT diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Lower GIT anatomically consist of? (4)

A
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
  • Anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 components of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 components of the large intestine?

A
  • Colon
  • Ascending segment
  • Transverse segment
  • Descending segment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two main functions of the small intestine?

A
  • Digestion

- Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where in the small intestine are the following substances absorbed?

  • Iron + folate
  • Gastric intrinsic factor + Vitamin B12
  • Bile salts , fats and fat soluble vitamins
  • Other substances
A
  • Duodenum
  • Terminal Ileum
  • Terminal Ileum
  • Jejunum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name two common small intestine diseases

A
  • Coeliac disease

- Crohn’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is steatorrhoea?

A

The presence of excess fat in faeces (fatty stools)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is coeliac disease

A

A disease in which the small intestine is hypersensitive to gluten, leading to difficulty in digesting food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A toxic reaction to the α-gliadin component of gluten is a characteristic of which disease?

A

Coeliac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At what age can coeliac disease present itself?

A

Any age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coeliac disease can cause villous atrophy (malabsorption), what are the consequences of this? (3)

A
  • Growth retardation (child)
  • Vitamin deficiencies
  • Mineral deficiencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of malabsorption?

3 Dental
3 General

A
  • Glossitis
  • Burning mouth
  • Angular chelitis
  • Tiredness
  • Malaise
  • Easy bruising
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When investigating Coeliac disease what will these tests determine;

  • Full blood count?
  • Haematinics (nutrients) screen?
  • Stool examination?
  • Serology? (what antibodies are present)
  • Endoscopy?
A
  • Anaemia
  • Vitamin B12, Folate, Iron deficiency
  • Excess fat
  • Antigliadin and antiendomysial antibodies
  • Villous atrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the dental relevance of coeliac disease? (3)

A
  • Dental enamel defects
  • Glossitis
  • Angular cheilitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How would you manage coeliac disease?

A

Gluten free diet for life

ONLY treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two main functions of the large intestine?

A
  • Recovery of water and electrolytes

- Formation, storage and expulsion of faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name two Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

A
  • Crohn’s disease

- Ulcerative colitis

18
Q

What is Crohn’s disease

A

Patchy full thickness ulceration involving any part of GIT from mouth to anus

19
Q

What is the most commonly affected area in Crohn’s disease?

A

Terminal ileum

20
Q

Are Crohn’s disease lesions continuous?

A

Discontinuous involvement (Skip lesions)

21
Q

Name 3 common clinical features of Crohn’s disease

A
  • Fever
  • Anorexia
  • Abdominal Pain
22
Q

If Crohn’s disease affects the mouth what clinical features may arise? (4)

A
  • Oral swelling
  • Mucosa tags
  • Angular chelitis
  • Atypical ulcers
23
Q

How can Crohn’s disease affect the Musculoskeletal system? (2)

A
  • Arthritis

- Ankylosing spondylitis (Arthritis of spine)

24
Q

What is a common skin problem with Crohn’s disease?

A

Erythema nodosum

25
Q

What 5 investigations would take place when investigating Crohn’s disease?

A
  • Full blood count
  • Inflammatory markers
  • Haematinic screen
  • Faecal calprotectin
  • Stool microscopy
26
Q

What symptoms would need to be present for you to refer a 40 year old patient for potential Crohn’s disease? (4)

A
  • Diarrhoea of >6 weeks’ duration
  • Abdominal pain with weight loss
  • Raised faecal calprotectin
  • Unexplained vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
27
Q

What diet advice would you give someone with Crohn’s disease?

A

Exclusion of offending substances

benzoates/ cinnamonaldehyde, E-preservatives

28
Q

What lifestyle advice would you give someone with Crohn’s disease?

A
  • Smoking cessation
  • Avoid stress
  • Exercise
  • Balanced diet
  • Well hydrated
29
Q

What anti-inflammatory drugs are given to patients with Crohn’s disease? (2)

S
M

A
  • Sulfasalazine

- Mesalazine

30
Q

What Immunomodulators are given to patients with Crohn’s disease? (3)

P
M
A

A
  • Prednisolone
  • Methotrexate
  • Azathioprine
31
Q

What are the dental aspects to consider while treating a patient with Crohn’s disease?

  • Stress?
  • Prescribing?
  • History?
  • Features?
A
  • Stressful situations can precipitate an acute disease flare-up
  • Avoid antibiotics for treatment of oral infections which can aggravate existing diarrhoea
  • Always evaluate history of steroid use
  • Check for Oro-facial granulomatosis
32
Q

What is Ulcerative colitis?

A

Long term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum

33
Q

What are some clinical features of Ulcerative colitis? (6)

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloody diarrhoea
  • Pus
  • Joint pain
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Finger clubbing
34
Q

How is Ulcerative colitis graded?

A
  • Mild
  • Moderate
  • Severe
35
Q

How does Pseudomembranous colitis occur?

A

Occurs after high doses and/or for prolonged oral antibiotic use

36
Q

What is Pseudomembranous colitis treated with? (2)
M
V

A
  • Metronidazole

- Vancomycin

37
Q

What are the symptoms of Pseudomembranous colitis? (2)

A
  • Painful diarrhoea

- Mucus passage in stool

38
Q

Which gender is more affected by irritable bowel syndrome?

A

Female

39
Q

What are some clinical features of irritable bowel syndrome? (3)

A
  • Crampy abdominal pain relived by defecation
  • Bloating
  • Altered bowel habit
40
Q

What are the dental aspects of irritable bowel syndrome? (3)

A

Psychogenic oral symptoms;

  • Burning mouth syndrome
  • Persistent idiopathic facial pain
  • Sore tongue

BDS 2: CHHD (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions