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BDS 2: CHHD > Medical Emergencies II > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies II Flashcards

1
Q

What are some triggers for asthma? (4)

A
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Infection
  • Exposure to Allegen
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2
Q

What are some clinical signs of acute asthma? (3)

A
  • Inability to complete sentences in one breath
  • Respiratory rate is greater than 25/min
  • Tachycardia greater than 110bpm
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3
Q

What are some clinical signs of life threatening asthma? (4)

A
  • Cyanosis
  • Respiratory rate is less than 8/min
  • Bradycardia less than 50bpm
  • Exhaustion, confusion, decreased consciousness level
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4
Q

What would you first do to manage a patient who has had an asthma attack during treatment? (2)

A
  • Stop treatment and remove all instrument from mouth

- Reassure patient and sit them in a comfortable position

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5
Q

What can be administered to a patient who has had an asthma attack? (2)

A
  • Salbutamol preferably via a spacer device

- Oxygen at the rate of 15L/min

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6
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Severe, life-threatening, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction

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7
Q

What are some common triggers of anaphylaxis? (3)

A
  • Drugs
  • Latex
  • Additives in medicines
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8
Q

Why is anaphylaxis tricky to diagnose? (2)

A
  • Often inconsistent clinical features

- Wide range of possible presentations

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9
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

A blueish discolouration of the face due to lack of blood circulation

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10
Q

What are some clinical signs of anaphylaxis? (4)

A
  • Urticaria
  • Erythema
  • Rhinitis
  • Conjunctivitis
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11
Q

What are some symptoms of anaphylaxis? (4)

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Sense of impending doom
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12
Q

What should be done immediately if anaphylaxis is suspected?

A

Call 999

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13
Q

What can be administered to manage anaphylaxis? (2)

A
  • Administer adrenaline 500μg intramuscular

- Administer oxygen at the rate of 15L/min

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14
Q

What position would you place a patient in if they have anaphylaxis?

A

Lay patient flat and raise their legs to restore BP

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15
Q

During a medical emergency what should you do if a patient becomes unresponsive? (2)

A
  • Check for signs of life (breathing and circulation)

- If one or both absent, start CPR

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16
Q

Where can pain from angina radiate to? (4)

A
  • Jaw
  • Neck
  • Shoulder
  • Back
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17
Q

What is a common clinical sign of angina? (2)

A
  • Shortness of breath

- Increased respiratory rate

18
Q

Besides medication what can you do to help manage a patient with angina? (2)

A
  • Calm and reassure patient

- Sit them up in the most comfortable position

19
Q

What can be administered to a patient with angina? (2)

A
  • 2 Sprays of GTN sublingually

- Oxygen 15L/min

20
Q

If a patient doesn’t respond to GTN initially when can yo spray again?

A

After 5 minutes

21
Q

If there is no relief of angina after repeated doses of GTN what can you suspect?

A

Myocardial Infarction

22
Q

What can be given to a patient suffering from a myocardial infarction? (2)

A
  • Give Aspirin 300mg in single dose orally

- Oxygen 15L/min

23
Q

What are some common triggers of an epileptic seizure? (5)

A
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Dehydration/Starvation
  • Temperature extremes
  • Bright lights
24
Q

Describe what you would see from a patient in the tonic phase of a seizure

A
  • Sudden loss of consciousness
  • Becomes rigid
  • Falls
  • May give a cry
  • Becomes cyanosed
25
Q

Describe what you would see from a patient in the clonic phase of a seizure

A

Jerking movements of the limbs

26
Q

Why should you check blood glucose of a patient after a seizure?

A

Fitting sometimes may be a sign of hypoglycaemia

27
Q

What can be administered to a patient suffering from a seizure? (2)

A
  • Midazolam 10mg buccally

- Oxygen 15L/min

28
Q

What can be given to manage mild hypoglycaemia?

A

Give oral glucose (assuming they can swallow)

29
Q

What can be given to manage severe hypoglycaemia?

A

Give glucose gel by squeezing into the buccal sulcus

30
Q

What blood glucose level confirms hypoglycaemia?

What level does it need to reach to be ok?

A

<3.0mmol/L

5.0mmol/L

31
Q

If a patient has hypoglycaemia and is unconscious what can be given to them?

A

Intramuscular glucagon injection

32
Q

What is syncope?

A

Temporary loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoperfusion (faint)

33
Q

What are some common triggers of syncope (6)

A
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Dehydration/Starvation
  • Temperature extremes
  • Pain
  • IV injection of LA
34
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of syncope? (6)

A
  • Feeling weak
  • Pallor and sweating
  • Nausea
  • Slow pulse
  • Low blood pressure
  • Confusion
35
Q

What should be done to a patient suffering from syncope? (2)

A
  • Lay flat ASAP and raise the legs to improve venous returns

- Loosen tight clothing, especially around the neck

36
Q

What can be administered to a patient with syncope?

A

Oxygen 15L/min

37
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of choking and aspiration? (5)

A
  • Cough
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Wheezing
  • Abnormal chest and abdominal movement
  • Loose consciousness
38
Q

If a patient is choking and cough is active what should you do?

A

Encourage continuous cough

39
Q

If a patient is choking and cough is inactive what should you do? (2)

A
  • Give 5 sharp back blows between the shoulder blades
  • Followed by 5 abdominal thrusts
  • Repeat until okay
40
Q

What are some causes of adrenal insufficiency? (3)

A
  • Stress/Trauma
  • Surgery
  • Infection
41
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency? (5)

A
  • Irregular, weak and rapid pulse
  • Shock-like features
  • Confusion
  • Rapidly falling BP
  • Rapid loss of consciousness
42
Q

What should be done immediately if adrenal insufficiency is suspected

A

Call the ambulance immediately

BDS 2: CHHD (28 decks)

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