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CVNT 2 > Surgical conditions of the eye > Flashcards

Surgical conditions of the eye Flashcards

1
Q

role of ophthalmology nurse

A
  • assist with consults and examinations
  • phone triage
  • admin treatments
  • set up for procedures
  • maintain equipment
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2
Q

medial and lateral canthus

A

either corner of the eye

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3
Q

two punctum

A

upper and lower of nasal lacrimal ducts

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4
Q

nasal lacrimal duct

A

one end produces tears, other end comes out into nose and mouth

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5
Q

limbus

A

where the sclera meets the cornea

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6
Q

conjunctiva

A

thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies on top of the sclera (not in corners)

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7
Q

iris

A

controls diameter of pupil

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8
Q

what is the lens held in place by?

A

zonular fibres

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9
Q

vitreous chamber

A

jelly like substance

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10
Q

retina

A

contains photoreceptor cells

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11
Q

choroid

A

behind retina, contains blood vessels

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12
Q

optic nerve

A

transports signals to brain to convert them into images

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13
Q

dolicephalic eye conformation

A

can see white of sclera medially, maybe laterally but never dorsally or ventrally
- almond shape= good conformation

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14
Q

equipment for ophthalmic exam

A
  • pen torch
  • direct ophthalmoscope (looks into back of eye)
  • 20D condensing lens (view of retina)
  • tonometer (measures eye pressure)
  • fluorescein (contrast agent)
  • schirmer tear test strips (lacrimal secretions)
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15
Q

restraint for ophthalmic exam

A
  • seat patient at edge of table
  • place one hand over back towards chest and one hand supporting under chin
  • don’t squeeze neck (will raise IOP)
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16
Q

handling of patients with increased IOP

A
  • no neck leads
  • no jugular samples
  • keep barking/stress to a min
  • no temp checks
  • increased venous pressure = increased IOP
17
Q

ophthalmic history questions

A
  • start broad then narrow down to presenting complaint
  • signalment
  • general history (vaccination, travel, other animals)
  • known illness or signs of illness
  • previous ocular conditions + treatment
  • vision
18
Q

distant and close examination

A
  • animal’s attitude, body condition
  • face: symmetry, ocular discharge
  • eyelids: palpebral fissure, size, colour
  • eyeballs: position, size, direction, movements
  • observation of pupil: static (symmetry, size) and dynamic (pupillary light reflex)
  • use of direct ophthalmoscope
19
Q

neuro-ophthalmic exam (reflexes and tests of vision

A
  • pupillary light reflex (PLR)
  • dazzle reflex (should blink)
  • menace response
  • tracking response
  • visual placing (on surface)
  • maze test (in bright and dim light)
20
Q

common ophthalmology tests

A
  • Schirmer tear test (15-25mm over 1min)
  • bacterial swab, cytology, culture + sensitivity
  • fluorescein staining
  • IOP measurement (10-25mm/Hg)
  • gonioscopy (special lens for glaucoma)
  • ocular ultrasound, electroretinogram
21
Q

low IOP can indicate…

A

uveitis (inflammation in eye)

22
Q

high IOP can indicate…

A

glaucoma

23
Q

signs of ocular pain

A
  • increased blinking (blepharospasm)
  • increased lacrimation
  • redness
  • photophobia (painful to look at light)
  • rubbing
  • myosis (contraction of pupil)
  • 3rd eyelid protrusion
24
Q

purpose of eye lubricant

A

provides a protective layer, soothes dry eye

25
Q

mydriatic eye lubricant

A
  • short term pupil dilation, muscle spasm release, comfort
  • tropicamide
26
Q

topical antibiotics

A
  • treatment and prevention of bacterial infection
27
Q

topical NSAIDs

A
  • treatment of inflammation within the eye
28
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A
  • reduce IOP (glaucoma), decrease production of aqueous humour
29
Q

prostaglandin analogue

A
  • increase aqueous outflow
30
Q

OS definition

A

ocular sinister (left eye)

31
Q

OD definition

A

ocular dexter (right eye)

32
Q

OU definition

A

ocular uterque (both eyes)

33
Q

ocular prep for eyelid surgery

A
  • clip good margins around the eyelid
  • always use povidone iodine solution not scrub or tincture
  • 1:10 parts for eyelid (iodine + saline)
  • 1:50 parts for globe
34
Q

prep for eyelid surgery steps

A
  1. wear gloves
  2. apply lots of lubricating gel to eyes
  3. clip area without causing irritation
  4. use gauze and sterile saline to remove gel and hair from eyes
  5. prep globe first (1:50)
  6. then prep eyelids (1:10)
  7. after 3 mins, flush globe with sterile saline to prevent corneal toxicity
35
Q

exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
- due to an orbital foreign body

36
Q

entropion

A

eyelids inverted
- hairy skin rubs on cornea

37
Q

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

A

dry eye
- assess tear production via schirmer tear test
- topical medication to treat (lubricants)

CVNT 2 (33 decks)

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