CVS disease 1, 2, 3 Flashcards
dog regular HR
60-180 bpm
cat regular HR
120-240 bpm
most important congenital cardiac diseases
- aortic stenosis
- pulmonic stenosis
- patent ductus arteriosus
- ventricular septal defect
common aquired cardiac diseases in dogs
- myxomatous mitral valve disease (degenerative)
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- pericardial effusion
common aquired cardiac disease in cats
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (myocardium disease)
typical presentation of heart disease in patients
- heart murmer or arrhythmia (cackle on auscultation)
- exercise intolerance, weakness, syncopal episodes
- sudden death
- reduced CO with heart failure
- pale MM, prolonged CRT
left sided congestive heart failure
- tachypnoea, dyspnoea
- pulmonary oedema
- cough?
right sided congestive heart failure symptoms
- dyspnoea
- distended abdomen
- ascites, pleural effusion
- positive hepatojugular reflux (press on liver and jugular vein distends)
cardiac disease physical exam findings
- loss of body condition (cardiac cachexia)
- loss of muscle mass with good appetite
- MM colour
- CRT
- distended jugular veins
- pulse deficits (heartbeat but no periipheral pulse)
- increased resp rate
- abnormal HR, rhythm
grading of heart murmers
- very quiet
- quiet, less loud than heart sounds
- obvious as heart sounds
- louder than heart sounds
- very loud with precordial thrill (palpation)
- very loud, thrill, audible without stethoscope on chest
congestive heart failure
blood is not pumped rapidly enough, pressure in atrium backs up into vein which causes fluid to accumulate upstream of the heart
diagnostic tests commonly used to investigate heart disease
blood tests
- haematology
- biochemistry
- cadiac biomarkers
bp
ECG
Echocardiography
Thoracic radiography
cardiac biomarker: cardiac troponin
marker for myocardial cell damage
cardiac biomarker: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuetic peptide
marker for myocardial stretch
ECG holter monitor
- worn 24hrs of the day
- investigates intermittent arrhythmias
- frequency and severity
- useful for syncope and antiarrhythmic therapy monitoring
thoracic radiograph indications
cough
tachypnoea
dyspnoe
- signs of lung pathology, heart failure
aortic subvalvular stenosis effect on heart
- left ventricular hypertrophy (increase in muscle mass)
- left congestive heart failure