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CVNT 2 > Clinical nutrition > Flashcards

Clinical nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

6 classes of nutrients

A
  • protein
  • fat
  • carbohydrates
  • minerals
  • vitamins
  • water
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2
Q

Vitamin purposes

A
  • energy metabolism
  • biochemical reactions
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3
Q

factors determining water intake

A
  • diet
  • exercise
  • temperature
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4
Q

macrominerals

A

greater dietry requirement than microminerals
- calcium, magnesium

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5
Q

which amino acid do cats need in diet

A

taurine
(cats are obligate carnivores)

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6
Q

excess protein problems

A

liver/kidney problems

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7
Q

protein deficiency problems

A
  • poor growth, muscle and weight
  • dull coat
  • reduced immunity
  • oedema (hypoalbuminemia)
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8
Q

fat purpose

A
  • energy
  • enhance palatability
  • source of essential fatty acids
  • neural development
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9
Q

fat deficiency problems

A
  • energy deficiency
  • essential fatty acid deficiency (dry skin)
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10
Q

fibre purpose

A
  • indigestible polysaccharides (cellulose, lignin)
  • bulk to faeces (prevents constipation and diarrhoea)
  • regulates glucose levels
  • empties anal glands
  • role in correction of obesity
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11
Q

WASVA

A

body condition scoring

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12
Q

Basal energy requirement (BER)

A

amount expended during sleep, fundamental body function, thermoneutral environment

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13
Q

resting energy requirement (RER)

A

energy expended for recovery from physical activity and feeding
- hospitalised patients

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14
Q

maintenance energy requirement (MER)

A

energy required by moderately active animal
- not included:energy for growth, work, lactation

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15
Q

metabolisable energy (ME)

A
  • found on diet information
    kcal/100g
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16
Q

RER calculation for animals <2kg and >45kg

A

70 X (bwt kg) ^75

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17
Q

RER calculation

A

30 X (bwt kg) +70

18
Q

maintenance calculation for healthy animal with lifestyle factor

A

RER X lifestyle factor

19
Q

safe weight loss percentage

A

1-2% per week

20
Q

obesity consequences

A
  • hepatic lipidosis
  • joint disease
  • exercise intolerance
  • diabetes
  • skin disease
  • cardioresp disease
  • FLUTD
21
Q

obesity diets

A
  • joint health
    • glucosamine and chondroitin
  • L-carnitine
    • encourages use of fat for energy and reduces fat storage
    • reduces risk of hepatic lipidosis in cats)
22
Q

GI disease diet

A
  • highly digestible proteins and starch
  • MOS (monooligosaccharides)
  • FOS/beet pulp
  • EPA- eicosapentaenoic acid
  • psyllium
  • low fat/high energy
    • <8% fat
23
Q

hypoallergenic diet

A
  • useful for inflammatory bowel disease
  • hydrolysed protein or novel protein
  • skin barrier (B vitamins, aa, zinc, linoleic acid)
  • omega 3
24
Q

peridontal disease stage 1

A
  • normal
25
Q

pancreas function

A

synthesises and excretes digestive enzymes

26
Q

pancreatitis

A

premature activation of digestive enzymes within acinar cells resulting in autodigestion
- inflammatory cycle begins with addition of neutrophils
- can lead to renal failure

27
Q

pancreatitis clinical signs

A
  • vomiting
  • abdominal pain
  • anorexia
  • lethargy
28
Q

pancreatitis treatments

A
  • supportive= IVFT, antiemetics, analgesia
  • nutrition
    • don’t fast due to hypercatabolic state- causes increase in systemic inflammation
  • early enteral nutrition
29
Q

early enteral nutrition function in pancreatitis

A
  • first 48hrs after admission
  • reduced bacterial translocation
  • villus atrophy
  • reduced pancreatic inflammation
30
Q

parenteral nutrition

A

nutrition via IV

31
Q

pancreatitis- enteral feeding (tube feeding)

A
  • avoid hugh fat diet due to concurrent hyperlipidemia
  • prepyloric feeding well tolerated
32
Q

Orthapedic diet

A
  • balanced diet for normal skeletal development/maintenance
  • bigger breeds take longer to development
33
Q

Osteoarthritis

A
  • articular cartilage degradation
  • progressive
  • ageing cats and dogs
34
Q

Joint dysplasia

A
  • genetic condition
  • medium to large breeds
  • swelling, pain arthritis
35
Q

Orthapedic diet

A
  • weight management
  • omega 3 fatty acids
    • reduce inflammation
    • found in green lipped mussel
  • glucosamine
    • cartilage formation and repair
    • reduce inflammation
    • slow cartilage degeneration
36
Q

diabetes dietary aims

A
  • support in maintaining normal serum glucose
  • decrease prostprandial glucose peaks
  • achieve normal metabolism of carbs, fats anf proteins
  • normal bodyweight
  • consider senior status
37
Q

postprandial

A

post feeding

38
Q

diabetes diet

A
  • protein restriction
    • 15-25% DMB dog
    • 28-50% DMB cat
  • low fat (prevents insulin resistance)
    <20% DMB
  • soluble carbohydrates= <30% DMB
  • high insoluble carbohydrates (fibre)
39
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

can hide concurrent chronic renal failure
- due to higher bp and glom filtration
- most common in older female cats

40
Q

hyperthyroidism diet

A
  • restrict iodine (required for production of thyroid hormone)
  • 0.2ppm iodine DMB
41
Q

cardiac disease diets

A
  • no specific diet for all cardiac diseases
  • mild sodium restriction= reduces heart overload
  • maintain optimum BCS
  • monitor cachexia
  • amino acids (taurine in cats)
    • L-carnitine, arginine
42
Q

cachexia

A

decreased muscle mass due to disease

CVNT 2 (33 decks)

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