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CVNT 2 > GI surgery > Flashcards

GI surgery Flashcards

1
Q

-otomy definition

A

opening something up then closing it again

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2
Q

-ostomy definition

A

opening something and keeping it open (gastrostomy= opening of the stomach to allow decompression or feeding bypassing the oesophagus, via a tube)

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3
Q

-oscopy definition

A

looking inside something (endoscope

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4
Q

-ectomy definition

A

removing something (enterectomy= removing part of the intestine)

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4
Q

-ectomy definition

A

removing something (enterectomy= removing part of the intestine)

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5
Q

pre-op care of GI patient

A
  • often emergency surgeries
  • fluid and electrolyte stabilisation
  • starve for 12hrs ideally
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6
Q

surgical prep for oral surgery

A
  • flush mouth with saline to remove debris
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7
Q

surgical prep for ventral midline laparotomy

A
  • clip and aseptic prep of wide area to allow for wide incision
  • above xiphoid to below pubis
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8
Q

surgical prep for anal/rectal surgery

A
  • packing or purse string suture
  • check positioning with surgeon
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9
Q

equipment for GI surgery

A
  • tilt patient slightly as high risk of aspiration
  • lap swabs to pack off abdomen
  • pre-warmed saline for abdominal lavage
  • stomach tube and bucket
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10
Q

suture material for GI surgery

A
  • short duration, absorbable- GI tract heals quite quickly
  • synthetic monofilament- braided can wick in infection
  • taperpoint/round body needle ideal as least traumatic
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11
Q

treatment plan for GDV

A
  1. treat shock
  2. IV antibiotics
  3. decompressions of stomach through stomach tube
  4. right lateral radiograph to confirm diagnosis
  5. surgery to decompress and de-rotate stomach
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12
Q

what to monitor post op

A
  • TPR
  • CRT
  • nutritional status (glucose levels)
  • hydration status
  • wound care
  • analgesia
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13
Q

immediate post-op complications

A
  • physiological abnormalities worsening (hypothermia, hypotension)
  • pain
  • haemorrhage
  • drug/anaesthetic reaction
  • vom/regurgitation
  • wound breakdown
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14
Q

long term post-op complications

A
  • pain
  • haemorrhage
  • aspiration pneumonia
  • ileus (gut stops contracting)
  • infection of wound
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15
Q

major complications following GI surgery

A
  • dehiscence
16
Q

dehiscence definition

A
  • disruption of wound edges
  • most common days 3-5 post-op
  • skin, abdominal wall or intestines
17
Q

skin/cutaneous dehiscence clinical signs

A
  • usually 4-5 days post-op
    clinical signs:
  • serosanguinous/purulent discharge
  • swelling
  • necrosis of edges
18
Q

abdominal wall dehiscence clinical signs

A
  • usually within first 7 days post-op
    clinical signs:
  • wound oedema/inflammation
  • serosanguinous drainage
  • creates hernia
19
Q

intestinal dehiscence clinical signs

A
  • leads to septic peritonitis
  • usually within 2-5 days post-op
    clinical signs:
  • depression, anorexia, vom, abdominal pain, acute collapse
20
Q

risk factors for dehiscence

A
  • surgical technique (suture choice, tension)
  • self trauma
  • underlying neoplasia of area
  • closure of non-viable skin
  • systemic factors (obesity, endocrine disease, hypoproteinaemia, viral status of cat)
21
Q

peritonitis

A
  • inflammation of the peritoneum
    primary peritonitis- only happens in cats
    secondary peritonitis- result of another pathology
  • aseptic- reaction of surgery itself
  • septic- infection
22
Q

peritonitis causes

A
  • dehiscence
  • ischaemic necrosis
  • leakage during surgery
  • insufficient lavage
  • insufficient prep
23
Q

peritonitis clinical signs

A
  • anorexia, vom, lethargy, pyrexia, acute collapse
  • may adopt prayer position (sign of abdominal discomfort)
24
Q

oesophagus complications

A
  • regurgitation
  • oesophagitis
  • strictures
25
Q

stomach complications

A
  • vom
  • anorexia
  • ulceration
  • gastric outlet obstruction (stricture)
  • pancreatitis
26
Q

small intestine complications

A
  • peritoneal/serosal adhesions
  • ileus
  • perforation
  • stenosis
  • diarrhoea
  • anorexia
27
Q

large intestine complications

A
  • haemorrhage
  • faecal contamination
  • leakage
  • stricture
  • stenosis
  • incontinence
28
Q

perineum, rectum and anus complications

A
  • tenesmus
  • rectal prolapse
  • temp/perm incontinence
  • anal stricture
  • urethral obstruction
  • stenosis
29
Q

aims for post-op care plan

A
  • restore hydration and maintain electrolyte balance
  • resume normal feeding and gut motility
  • manage GI effects (nausea)
  • pain management
  • prevent infection
30
Q

useful drugs for managing nausea

A
  • maropitant (anti-emetic, pain relief)
    • cerenia, prevomax
  • metoclopramide (anti-emetic, prokinetic)
    • vomend, emeprid
31
Q

pain management

A

NSAIDs- caution as can cause ulceration and GI upset
opiods- almost always used
- may affect gut motility
codeine- can cause constipation
paracetamol- dogs only

CVNT 2 (33 decks)

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