First aid Flashcards
3 first aid aims
- preserve life
- prevent suffering
- prevent deterioration
ABC’s + primary survey
- airway
- breathing
- circulation
- external haemorrhage
- CNS
airway exam
- ensure patency
- check for obstruction
(blood clot, swelling, hard palate split)
breathing exam
- rate
- effort
- adequacy
circulation exam
- MM colour
- CRT
- HR
- pulse rate/quality
- temp (rectal/extremities)
secondary survey (ACRASHPLAN)
- nose to tail exam of everything
- after stabilisation of life-threatening injuries
distal limb fracture
splinted bandage pre-surgery
upper limb fracture
cage rest, no bandage
best time to take swab of wound for bacterial culture
end of debridement, before antibiotics
what does CPCR stand for?
cardio pulmonary cerebral resuscitation
aims of CPCR
- perfusion of heart, lungs, brain
- ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation)
basic life support (BLS)
- CPCR cycle
- oxygen cycle
advanced life support (ALS)
- drug therapy
- fluid therapy
- cardioversion (electric shock)
drawer 1 in emergency crash trolley
- airway access
- ET tubes, ties, cuff inflator
- laryngoscope
- plain gauze swaps
- lidocaine
- urinary catheter with ET tube connector
drawer 2 in emergency crash trolley
- IV + IO access
- IV catheters
- IO needle
- IV/IO connectors (aseptically primed)
- superglue
- tape
- scissors
- cut down kit
- scalpel blade, size 11
drawer 3 in emergency crash trolley
- ventilation
- pediatric + adult ambu-bag with capnograph connector and flow regulator
drawer 4 in emergency crash trolley
- drugs
- low dose adrenaline (1:10,000)
- high dose adrenaline (1:1000)
- atropine (0.6mg/ml)
- 50% dextrose
- propofol (10mg/ml)
- naloxone (1mg/ml)
- drug dosing charts
- ECG pads
- 0.9% NaCl (pre-drawn up 10ml syringes)
benefits of capnography during CPCR
- gives eCO2 reading
- to get a reading, there must be: perfusion, gas exchange, metabolism
cardiac compressions on small animals vs larger breeds
cats and small dogs= cardiac pump
medium to large breed dogs= thoracic pump
cardiac compressions
- right lateral decumbency
- compressor on dorsal side of patient
- 100-120 compressions per min
- compress 50%-2/3 of width/depth of thorax
- should feel femoral pulse for each compression
- allow full elastic recoil between compressions
cardiac pump
- cats and small dogs
- compression of thorax directly over heart
thoracic pump
- medium to large breed dogs
- compression of widest part of thorax
- caudal thorax or over xiphysternum
inter-thoracic cardiac compressions
- large breed dogs
- at thoracotomy
- when external compressions are ineffective
IPPV
- intermittent positive pressure ventilation
- 20 breaths pm
- start as soon as resp arrest is suspected
- inflate thorax the normal amount for each patient
CPCR cycle
- begin basic life support (ABCs)
- assess for airway obstruction, intubate, ventilate if not spontaneous, assess for HR and pulse, begin chest compressions
- begin advanced life support
- ECG, obtain access for drug therapy
CPCR cycle
- begin basic life support (ABCs)
- assess for airway obstruction, intubate, ventilate if not spontaneous, assess for HR and pulse, begin chest compressions
- begin advanced life support
- ECG, obtain access for drug therapy
