Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVNT 2 > Respiratory system diseases 1,2,3 > Flashcards

Respiratory system diseases 1,2,3 Flashcards

1
Q

orthopneoa

A

adopting posture to facilitate breathing
- neck extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hyperpnoea

A
  • increased resp effort (deeper) without dyspnoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

respiratory distress clinical signs

A
  • tachypnoea/hyperpnoea
  • orthopnoea
  • visibly distressed/mouth breathing
  • resp noises
    • inspiratory (stertor/stridor) upper airway
    • expiratory (wheezes, crackles on auscultation) lower airway
  • cyanosis
  • tachycardia, weak pulse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of dyspnoea

A
  • inspiratory- abnormal resp noises
  • expiratory- abnormal auscultation
  • mixed- parenchymal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

oxygen administration options in conscious patients

A
  • flow by
  • face mask
  • nasal prongs
  • nasal catheter (longer term use)
  • oxygen tent
  • incubator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

oxygen administration options in unconscious patients

A
  • intubation
  • tracheostmony
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

upper resp tract diseases (larynx, pharynx, trachea)

A
  • BOAS
    larynx- laryngeal paralysis (dog, lymphoma (cat)
    pharynx- poly (cat), foreign body
    trachea- tracheal collapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cinical signs of URT disease

A
  • inspiratory dyspnoea
  • nasal discharge
  • sneezing/reverse sneezing
  • stertor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nursing considerations for URT disease

A
  • sedation
  • oxygen
  • keep cool
  • avoid collars
  • exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

common causes for nasal disease

A

inflammatory: idiopathic
infectious
- bacterial
- virus
- fungal (aspergillus)
neoplastic
trauma
foreign body
dental disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nursing care for nasal disease

A
  • treat dyspnoea first
  • stop any haemorrhage
  • remove foreign object
  • monitor fluid/food intake
  • decongestant therapy
  • isolate cats (possinly infectious)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

investigations of nasal disease under GA

A
  • full oral examination
    • dental probing
  • nasopharyngeal swab in cats
  • imaging
  • rhinoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aspergillosis cause

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aspergillosis clinical signs

A
  • nasal discharge/bleeding
  • sneezing
  • pain
  • nasal depigmentation
  • predisposed in meso/dolichcephalic breeds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diagnosing aspergilliosis using rhinoscopy

A

identification of fungal plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

aspergilliosis treatment

A
  • mechanical debridement endoscopically
  • trephination into frontal sinus (drilling)
  • topical antifungal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

primary abnormalities in BOAS

A
  • excessive soft tissues
  • stenotic nares
  • elongated/thick soft palate
  • hypoplastic trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

compensation in BOAS

A

harder inspiration
causing negative pressure in throat, neck, chest
causing laryngeal collapse and hiatal hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BOAS diagnosis

A
  • physical exam
  • fluoroscopy
  • CT scan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

BOAS nursing care

A
  • owner education
  • discourage breeding
  • calm and stress free
  • weight management
  • avoid excessive heat
  • harness instead of collar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cough: pathophysiology

A
  • protective reflex to clear excess secretions/foreign material
  • also associated with cong. heart fail.- enlarged left atrium puts pressure on airway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

investigation of lower resp disease

A
  • faecal analysis (lungworm)
  • radiography/CT
  • bronchoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bronchoscopy

A
  • small tube down trachea
  • collects broncho-alveolar lavage samples
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bronchoscopy equipment

A
  • endoscope
  • sterile saline
  • collection pots
  • mouth gag
  • urinary catheter
  • syringes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bronchoscopy nursing considerations

A
  • coupage required
  • monitor until fully recovered
  • easy access to emergency drugs/oxygen
  • potential thoracocentesis
26
Q

main lower airway diseases

A
  • canine acute tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)
  • canine chronic bronchitis
  • feline lower airway disease (asthma)
27
Q

canine tracheobronchitis

A
  • can be caused by different viruses/bacteria
  • most resolve after 14-21 days
  • can progress to pneumonia
  • highly contagious
28
Q

viruses causing canine tracheobronchitis

A
  • adenovirus 2
  • parainfluenza virus
  • herpes virus
29
Q

bacteria causeing canine tracheobronchitis

A

bordetella bronchiseptica

30
Q

canine chronic bronchitis

A
  • chronic bronchial inflammation with over-secretion of mucus
  • common in middle-aged and old dogs
  • can cause tracheal collapse, mitral valve disease, pulmonary hypertension
31
Q

canine chronic bronchitis pathophysiology

A
  • predisposed by kennel cough, allergens, parasites
  • narrowing of lower airway
    • inflammation/mucus obstruction
    • bronchomalacia- weakened cartilage
    • bronchiectasis- end-stage bronchial change
32
Q

bronchomalacia

A

weakened cartilage

33
Q

bronchiectasis

A

end-stage bronchial change
- bronchioles merged together

34
Q

chronic bronchitis nursing considerations

A
  • weight control
  • avoidance of airway irritants (smoke, dust)
  • owner support with medication
35
Q

inhaled therapy

A
  • for corticosteroids and bronchodilator
36
Q

feline lower airway disease

A
  • covers many airways dieases
  • feline asthma, bronchitis
37
Q

feline lower airway disease pathophysiology

A

predisposed by bacteria, virus, parasite, allergen
- obstruction of bronchus

38
Q

FLUT emergency treatment

A
  • oxygen
  • stress free
  • bronchodilators
  • corticosteroids
  • sedation
39
Q

pulmonary parasite types

A
  • intestinal worms
  • lungworms
  • heartworms
40
Q

intestinal worms

A
  • toxocara (roundworm) or ancylostoma (hookworm)
  • migrate through lungs before adult reaches gut
  • verminous pneumonia
41
Q

lungworms

A
  • lung is final destination
42
Q

Heartworms

A
  • cause respiratory signs
  • angiostrongylus vasorum
43
Q

angiostrongylus vasorum

A
  • ‘french heartworm’
  • infection through eating slugs, snails, frogs
  • larvae migrate into alveoli which are coughed up and swallowed
  • adult worms live in pulmonary artery
44
Q

clinical signs of angiostrongylus vasorum

A
  • resp disease
  • severe pulmonary hypertension
  • increased bleeding tendency
45
Q

treatment of angiostrongylus vasorum

A
  • fenbendazole or moxidectin
    preventative
  • wormer againt angiostrongylus
46
Q

bacterial pneumonia

A
  • mixed flora
  • ihaled bacteria/haematogenous
  • acute/chronic
47
Q

predisposing causes of bacterial pneumonia

A
  • chronic bronchitis
  • bronchiectasis
  • immunosuppression
  • foreign body
  • aspiration
48
Q

investigations of bacterial pneumonia

A
  • haemotology- neutrophilia/neutropenia
  • SpO2- hypoxia
  • chest x-rays/CT
49
Q

nursing care for bacterial pneumonia

A
  • fluid therapy
  • nebulization
  • nutrition
  • oxygen
50
Q

Restrictive dyspnoea

A

Restricted lung expansion most commonly due to pleural space disease

51
Q

Pathophysiology of pleural space disease

A
  • negative intrathoracic pressure necessary to keep lungs inflated
  • restrictive deficit-> positive thoracic pressure
  • can lead to decreased CO, arrest
52
Q

Causes of pleural space disease

A
  • Pneumothorax
  • haemothorax
  • pyothorax
  • chylothorax (lymph)
  • congestive heart failure
53
Q

Clinical signs of pleural space disease

A
  • tachypnoea
  • restrictive dyspnoea
  • paradoxical breathing
  • pleural effusion
    • muffled lung sounds ventrally
  • pneumothorax
    • absent lung sounds dorsally, increased resonance during percussion
54
Q

Pleural space disease diagnostics

A
  • chest radiographs if stable
  • thoracic ultrasound
  • thoracocentesis
  • fluid analysis
55
Q

Nursing considerations for pleural space disease

A
  • delay diagnostics until stable
  • low stress, sedation
  • monitor SpO2
  • supplement oxygen
  • prepare for thoracocentesis
56
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

Aspiration of air or fluid from the pleural cavity by inserting a needle, catheter or drain via a caudal rib space

57
Q

Prep for thoracocentesis

A
  • Clip
  • sterile equipment
  • suitable needle
  • 3 way tap + syringe
  • measuring jug if effusion
  • cranial aspect of rib (no nerves, vessels)
58
Q

Fluid analysis of pleural effusion

A

Pure- Clear, poor protein
- hypoalbuminaemia
Modified- Yellow, blood tinged- protein rich
- heart failure, pericardial disease
Turbid fluid- exudate
- pyothorax

59
Q

Trochar-type thoracic drain

A
  • like a catheter
  • sutured in place
60
Q

Seldinger-type thoracic drain

A
  • catheter placed over a wire
  • only suitable for watery fluid and air (small)
61
Q

Thoracic drain care

A
  • aseptic
  • measure and record vol of fluid

CVNT 2 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions