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Equine > Surgery of upper airways. Medical diseases of oral cavity & oesophagus > Flashcards

Surgery of upper airways. Medical diseases of oral cavity & oesophagus Flashcards

1
Q

progressive ethmoid hematoma - PEH

A

unknown origing
avoid surgery - innervation

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2
Q

progressive ethmoid hematoma - PEH
clinical signs

A

exercise intolerance

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3
Q

progressive ethmoid hematoma - PEH
treatment

A

spinal needle to inject formalin
if formalin goes into venous circulation or brain, the horse will die

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4
Q

guttural pouch tympany
predisposing factors

A

arab, paint horse
filly> colt
uni > bilater

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5
Q

guttural pouch tympany
signs

A

during swallowing, both GP will open and some air will pass by
but air doesnt come out
air-pillow palp
unilat but looks bilat

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6
Q

guttural pouch tympany
cause

A

plica salpingopharyngea

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7
Q

guttural pouch tympany
diagnosis

A

endscope - pharynx collapsed dorsally
xray - radiolucent

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8
Q

guttural pouch tympany
treatment

A

foley cathter for 203weeks
transendoscopic laser surgery
mm - fold removal

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9
Q

guttural pouch mycosis
symptoms

A

bloody brownish nasal discharge
excessive nasal bleeding

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10
Q

which artery is affected in guttural pouch mycosis

A

internal carotid in 70% of cases
use balloon occlusion to treat

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11
Q

surgical treatment for guttural pouch mycosis

A

cut vessel
push balloon catheter above gp
blow up
mycostic plaque somewhere in between

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12
Q

functional disorders of the pharynx

A

dorsal displacement of the soft palate
pharyngeal collapse

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13
Q

devellopmental abnormalities of the pharynx

A

palatochisis
choana atresia

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14
Q

what type of breather is a horse

A

obligate nasal breather

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15
Q

DDSP treatment - dorsal displacement of the soft palate

A

conservative
- tongue tie (laryngeal position)
- cornell collar
- training
- pharyngeal muscle weakness (nsaids, figure 8 noseband)
surgical
- laryngeal tie forward
- myectomy
- staphylectomy
- scarring soft palate with laser

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16
Q

rostral pharyngeal collapse

A

noise during expiration

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17
Q

dorsal/lateral pharyngeal collapse

A

noise during inspiration

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18
Q

choana atresia

A

nasal passage ending blindly
unilat can be assymptomatic
bi lat needs laser resection

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19
Q

palatoschisis

A

milk comes back through nose in new born foal
if the hard palate is involved, euthanisia

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20
Q

pharyngeal cysts location

A

subepiglottial
in pharyngeal wall
in soft palate - rare

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21
Q

removal of pharyngeal cysts

A

surgical excision
laser

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22
Q

dynamic disorders of larynx

A

recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia
axial deviation of aryepiglottic fold
proc. cornuculatus collapse
intermittent epiglottis entrapment
epiglottis retroversion

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23
Q

permanent disorders of larynx

A

epiglottis entrapment
arytenoid chondritis
subepiglottial cyst
4 BAD

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24
Q

2 processes on arytenoid cartiage

A

corniculate
muscular

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25
muscles of larynx
m. cricopharyngeus - m. thyreopharyngeus m. thyeohyoideus m. cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
26
abductor of larynx
opens the larynx m. cricoarytenoid dorsalis - recurrens m. cricothyroid ---n. laryngeal cranial
27
adductor of larynx
closes the larynx m. ay trans m. cricoarytenoid lat m. ta all n. recurrens
28
RLN ILH
recurrent laryngeal neuropahty idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia
29
pathogenesis of RLN and ILH
progressive degeneration of dis fibres of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
30
causes of RLN and ILH
Or due to large size of animal genetics strangles GP mycosis intoxications tumours EMND
31
RLN and ILH clinical signs
noise on inspiration poor performance
32
definition of RLN and ILH
paresis/paralysis of RLN leading to m. atrophy, vocal cord collapse and arytenoid cartilage collapse during inspiration
33
diagnosis of RLN and ILH
palpation us of larynx endoscope noise
34
endscope of larynx Abduction
Movement of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage away from the midline of the rima glottis
35
endscope of larynx Adduction
Movement of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage toward the midline of the rima glottis
36
endscope of larynx Full abduction
Most of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage lies horizontally (90 degree to the midline of the rima glottis)
37
endscope of larynx Asymmetry
A difference on position of the right and left corniculate processes relative to the midline of the rima glottis
38
endscope of larynx Asynchrony
Movement of the corniculate processes occurs at different times. This can include twitching, shivering and delayed or biphasic movement of one arytenoid
39
grade I RLN
all arytenoid cartilage movemnets are syncs and symmattrical full abduction can be achieved and maintained
40
grade II RLN
arytenoid cartilage are async and asymmetrical full aabduction can be acheived and maintained
41
grade II RLN
arytenoid cartilage are async and asymmetrical full abduction cannot be acehived and maintained must do dynamic as well
42
grade IV RLN
complete immobility of the arytenoid cartilage and vocal cord
43
treatment of RLN
laryngoplasty and ventriculocord ectomy arytenoidectomy laryngeal pacemaker - not grade 4
44
compliations of RLN surgery
laryngospasmus oedema wound infection cough
45
axial deviation of aryepiglottic fold occurance
- Just DYNAMIC disorder - Often bilateral, if not, than right sided - Race horses
46
axial deviation of aryepiglottic fold treatement surgical
Transendoscopic laser excision o Cut of a triangle o Check the wound healing after 40-60 days
47
axial deviation of aryepiglottic fold clinical signs
- Poor performance - Worse with time - More frequent in older horses - ulceration - kissing lesion
48
axial deviation of aryepiglottic fold acute drugs
AB throat spray nsaids tracheotomy
49
axial deviation of aryepiglottic fold chronic
partial arytenoidectomy
50
epiglottic entrapment clinical signs
- Distinguish epiglottic entrapment and dorsal displacement - Mucous membrane under the epiglottis is covering the epiglottis ( nothing to do with the soft palate) - Persistant (97%), seldom dynamic - Thickened (97%) - Ulcerated (45%) - 31-36% together with epiglottic hypoplasia - Primary inspiratory noise - Poor performance in race horse - Can be just an endoscopic finding - Coughing after drinking water - Nasal discharge
51
4 BAD
4th branichial arch defect congenital right side collapsed
52
clincial signs of oral diseases
- Inappetence - Painful chewing and swallowing - Swollen face - Salivation, discharge from the oral cavity - Halitosis - Weight loss - Quidding (dropping food) - Nasal discharge - Fistula - Problems with riding (bit) - Headshaking - Bruxism is usually not a sign of oral disease
53
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
54
3 types of dysphagia
prepharyngeal - reluctance to chew pharyngeal postpharyngeal
55
types of dysphagia based on aetiology
o Painful o Muscular o Obstructive o Neurologic
56
diagnosis of dysphagia
physical exam endscope xray us
57
management of dysphagia
specific treatment feeding dry hay not recommended slurries of pellated feeds NG tube in severe cases NaCl or KCl due to salivation
58
congenital oesophageal diseases
- Oesophageal duplication cysts - Persistent right aortic arch - Idiopathic - Megaoesophagus of foal
59
acquired oesophageal diseases
- Obstruction (most common) - Foreign body - Compression - Gastrooesophageal reflux disease - Stricture - Diverticula (congenital and acquired) - Trauma, perforation - Megaoesophagus - Granulation tissue - Neoplasia
60
types of oesophageal obstruction
intraluminal extraluminal intramural functional disorders
61
predilaction sites of oesophageal obstruction
- Cervical part - Thoracic inlet - Base of the heart - Gastric cardia
62
clinical signs of oesophageal obstruction
- Signs of dysphagia - Anxiousness - Extended neck - Coughing - Gagging - Bilateral, frothy nasal discharge (saliva, water, feed) - Salivation - Odynophagia (painful swallowing) - Distention in the jugular furrow
63
complications of oesophageal obstruction
- Sign of aspiration pneumonia - Sign of oesophageal rupture
64
diagnosis of oesophageal obstruction
- Endoscopy - Ultrasonography (cervical region, complications) - Radiography (plain, contrast)
65
treatment of oesophageal obstruction
sedation buscopan acp oxytocin NG tube lavage flunixin
66
oesophagitis
ulcerative reflux
67
oesophagitis clinical signs
obstruction, gastric ulceration
68
oesophagitis diagnosis
endscope - hyperaemia, oedema, erosions, ulcers
69
oesophagitis treatment

Equine (25 decks)

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