lameness Flashcards
lameness definition
clinical sign that results in gait abnormality characterized by limping
supporting phases of stride
landing
loading
stance
break over
swinging - cranial extension and caudal flexion
break over phase of stride
extension of fetlock
hyper extension of the DIPJ (dist inter phalangeal)
stance phase
hyperextension of fetlock.
flexion of DIPJ
gait cycle
impact –> mid stance –> breakdown - -> initial swing –> mid swing –> final swing
FL recognition
head nod
fetlock extension
irregular rhythm
phases of stride
foot flight
HL recognition
asymmetry
not tracking straight
foot flight
fetlock extension
irregular rhythm
grade 0
not perceptible
grade 1
difficult to observe and not consistently apparent
grade 2 lameness
difficult to observe at walk or when trotting in straight line
grade 3
consistently observable at a trot under all circumstances
grade 4
obvious at a walk
grade 5
produces minimal weight bearing in motion and/or at rest
gait evaluation
in hand - even surface, walk and trot, small circles, flexion test
on lunge
ridden if possible
flexion tests FL
distal limb
carpus
flexion tests on hl
prox and distal limb
how to do a flexion test
hold limb for one minute
avoid adding focal pressure
let horse trot
do both limbs
start with non lame limb
3 provocation tests
flexion test
wedge test
plank test
causes of lamenss
trauma
degenerative, repetative wear and tear
congenital
developmental
infection
metabolic
circulatory
mechanical
neurological - suprascapular neuropathy
reciprocal apparatus
stifle and hock
if the stifle is flexed, so is the hock and fetlock and digits.
due to peroneus tertius
interference forms at the trot
front li,b to front limb
ipsilateral front to hind
pacer
ipsilateral hind to front
feet move from a skyline
normal
padding
winging
plaiting
example of congenital lameness
navicular disease
classification of lameness
supporting limb lameness
swinging limb lameness
compensatory lameness
untypical lameness
special lameness
supporting limb lameness
cranial phase is longer
head and neck elevated on affected side
worse on inside circle
hyperextension in fetlock during stands
problem usually lower
swinging limb lameness
cranial phase is shortened
evident during motion
worse on outside circle
problem usually higher
compensatory lameness
uneven distribution of weight on another limb
untypical lameness
when more than one limb is affected
special lameness
e.g.
rupture of peroneus tertius
upward fixation of patella
ddft rupture
chronic navicularis sonography
what is patella fixation
conformational abnormality
quadricaps cant unlock patella
fixation involves cutting patella lig medially and lifting up patella
fibrotic myopathy
in the last movement of swinging phase
dropping the leg back again due to semimembraneous and semitendinosus myopathy
lameness examination
6 steps
anamnesis
visual examination
palpation
provocation tests
diagnostic analgesia
supplementary diagnostic aids
visual examination
at distance - conformation, posture, BCS, atrophy/assymmetry
close - hoof, swelling
at rest
at exercise - hard surface, soft surface, all limbs, walk, circle, trot, gallop
supplementary diagnostic aids
RTG
arthroscopy
MRI
US
synovia analysis
CT
