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Equine > Haematopoietic diseases + Surgery of the penis and the prepuce > Flashcards

Haematopoietic diseases + Surgery of the penis and the prepuce Flashcards

1
Q

Evaluation of the erythron

A

o RBC count
o Haemoglobin o PCV/Haematocrit
o RBC indices
o Iron status (concentration, binding capacity)
o Bone marrow sample

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2
Q

rbc indices

A

MCV
MCH
MCHC

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3
Q

what is erythron

A

peripheral blood sample

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4
Q

Packed cell volume (PCV) should be interpretted in relation to

A

hydration status of horse
due to change in plasma volume

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5
Q

PCV can suddenly increase due to

A

excitement
pain
acute haemorrhage
exercise due to splenic contraction unique to horses

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6
Q

PCV normal values

A

Red blood cell count: 6-12 million cells/μl is normal
- Normal resting value: 0.32-0.45 l/l
o Most horses: 0.3-0.4 l/l

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7
Q

fitness affect on PCV

A

increases pcv

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8
Q

can is pcv estimated

A

sedimentation

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9
Q

Reduced MCV and MCH occur primaly

A

in iron deficiency stated

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10
Q

MCHC is increased

A

during haemolysis

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11
Q

MCHC decreased

A

during iron deficiency

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12
Q

Erythrocytosis definition

A

increase erythrocyte

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13
Q

Relative Erythrocytosis

A

Haemoconcentration or splenic contraction

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14
Q

Absolute Erythrocytosis
primary

A

myeloproliferative disorders(neoplastic) of bone marrow – produce a large number of cells compared to normal

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15
Q

Absolute Erythrocytosis
secondary

A

increased erythropoietin
§ Cardiac failure (right-left shunt – ventricular septal defect), chronic
pulmonary disease, high altitude (train them there, erythropoietin will increase to incr. performance)

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16
Q

anaemia types

A
  • Blood loss anaemia
  • Haemolytic anaemia
  • Non-regenerative anaemia
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17
Q

differential diagnosis for
epistaxis

A
  • Guttural pouch mycosis
  • Pulmonary abscess
  • Exercise- induced pulmonary haemorrhage
  • Ethmoid hematoma
  • Paranasal sinus abscess or infection
  • Traumatic nasogastric intubation
  • Upper respiratory tract neoplasm
  • Coagulopathy - Trauma
  • Pneumonia/pleuritis
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18
Q

differential diagnosis for
hemoperitoneum

A
  • Trauma (splenic/hepatic rupture)
  • Mesenteric vessel rupture
  • Verminous arteritis
  • Uterine artery rupture (foaling)
  • Abdominal abscess
  • Neoplasia
  • Coagulopathy
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19
Q

differential diagnosis for
hemothorax

A
  • Thoracic trauma (fractured rib, lacerated heart or vessels)
  • Ruptured pulmonary abscess - Ruptured great vessel
  • Neoplasia
  • Coagulopathy (DIC)
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20
Q

differential diagnosis for
gi conditions

A
  • Ulcerations
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity
  • Parasites (strongylus vulgaris, Small strongyles)
  • Granulomatous intestinal disease (histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, granuloma enteritis)
  • Neoplasia (squamous cell carcinoma, Lymphosarcoma)
  • Coagulopathy
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21
Q

differential diagnosis for
hematuria

A
  • Pyleonephritis
  • Cystitis/urolithiasis
  • Neoplasia
  • Trauma
  • Uretrhal ulceration
  • Coagulopathy
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22
Q

differential diagnosis for
external conditions

A
  • Trauma
  • Surgical complication
  • Coagulopathy
  • External parasites
23
Q

Transfusion for acute anaemia

A

pcv <15%

24
Q

transfution for chronic anaemia

A

pcv <12%

25
Q

major blood crossmatching

A

between donor rbc and patient serum

26
Q

minor blood crossmatching

A

between donor serum and patient rbcs

27
Q

donor should be

A

male horse or never pregnant female horse

28
Q

anticoaogulant

A

sodium citrate
never heparin

29
Q

prior to transfusion

A

give dexmethason
sodium phosphate

30
Q

neutropenia

A

low levels of neutrophils
early stage of infection
endotoxaemia
septicaemia
bone marrow suppression
immune mediated

31
Q

neutrophilia

A

increased neutrophils
later stage of infection

32
Q

eosinophilia

A

viral?
hypersentisitivity

33
Q

lymphopenia

A

stress
virus

34
Q

lymphocytosis

A

leukoemia
chronic immune stimulation

35
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

decreased production - bone marrow disease
increased used - DIC, haemorrhage
increased destruction - EIA, autoimmune, equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis

36
Q

thrombocytosis

A

splenic contraction
inflammatory disorder
myeloproliferative disorder

37
Q

purpura haemorrhagica

A

IgA and IgM protein of strep equi ssp equi

38
Q

clinical signs of purpura haemorrhagica

A

urticcaria
oedema
mucosal bleeding
hippo head
elephant leg
dyspnoea
suffocation
gi bleeding
weakness
shock
death

39
Q

treatment of purpura haemorrhagica

A

tracheotomy
eliminate cause - AB
dexmethason, prednisolone
flunixin

40
Q

penile/ prepuce disorders

A

injury
paraphymosis
paralysis
phimosis
priapism

41
Q

parasympathetc nervous supply of penis

A

pudendal

42
Q

sympathetc nervous supply of penis

A

pelvic plexus

43
Q

paraphimosis definition

A

penile prolapse
inability to retract penis back to prepuce

44
Q

paraphimosis cause

A

injury
oedema
EHV, dourine, purpura haemorrhagica, rabies,
ACP

45
Q

is paraphimosis an emergency

A

yes

46
Q

phimosis defintion

A

inability to protrude the penis from the prepuce

47
Q

priapism defintion

A

persistent erection without sexual excitment

48
Q

cause of priapism

A

ACP
neoplasia

49
Q

neoplasias of penis

A

sarcoids
melanoma
squamous papillos
SCC -most common

50
Q

segmental posthectomy

A

take out circumforential fold then suture

51
Q

phalloplexy/ botz

A

cant use in stallions

52
Q

phallectomy/ williams

A

caudal for preputial ring

53
Q

en block resection

A

extensive neoplasia and injury to penis root
make urinary stoma

Equine (25 decks)

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