diseases of tendons, ligs, digital sheath

Question 1

tendon composition

Answer 1

tenocytes btw collagen fibres
matrix - water, collagen, non collagenous proteins

Question 2

tendon compostion

Answer 2

tenocytes btw collagen fibres
matrix - water, collagen, non collagenous proteins

Question 3

why is water fundamental

Answer 3

maintaining elasticity

Question 4

blood supply of tendons

Answer 4

paratenon
mesotenon
musculotendonous junction
insertion site

Question 5

normal strain at walk

Answer 5

2-4%

Question 6

normal strain at trot

Answer 6

4-6%

Question 7

normal strain at gallop

Answer 7

up to 16%

Question 8

strain induced predilection sites

Answer 8

racing thoroughbred - SDFT in LF
elite- show jumpers - FL SDFT and DDFT injuries
elite eventers - FL SDFT injuries
dressage horses - HL suspensory lig injuries

Question 9

trauma injury of ddft
signs and healing

Answer 9

toe flips up
healing good if injury is in MC/MT and not near the sheath insertion or in the sheath

Question 10

trauma injury of sdft

Answer 10

cast
good prognosis

Question 11

trauma injury of suspensory lig

Answer 11

fetlock drops
prox sesamoid bone drops
bad prognosis

Question 12

non traumatic tendon injuries

Answer 12

tendintits/ tendinopathy
desmitis/ desmopthy

Question 13

phases of non traumatic tendon and lig injuries

Answer 13

intratendinous haemorrhage
inflammatory reaction
reparative phase
remodelling phase
no regeneration

Question 14

sdft region affected

Answer 14

mid metacarpal region
racehorses & jumpers
or in pastern region due to trauma & overreach

Question 15

treatment of acute sdft injury

Answer 15

minimilise inflammation and proteolytic enymes
give steroids systemically
dont US too quickly

Question 16

steroids and tendons

Answer 16

give systemically
into tendo = mineralization
intralesion = calcification

Question 17

treatment of subacute sdft injury

Answer 17

fibroplastic
uc monitoring
regenerative therapies e.g. mesenchymal stem cell and protein rich plasma

Question 18

treatment of chronic sdft injury

Answer 18

remodelling
us monitoring
controlled exercise
takes time - 6-12months

Question 19

ddft location of injuries

Answer 19

metacarpal region - within sheath
pastern - down to insertion
poor prognosis
can have adhesion
limited healing ability

Question 20

treatment of ddft injuries

Answer 20

mesenchymal stem cell therapy

Question 21

indications of ddft MRI

Answer 21

if lameness cant be explained by diagnostic imaging

Question 22

forelimb proximal suspensory desmitis

Answer 22

pain on plapation - on bone
difficult to palpate most proximal part
more lame on outside of circle

Question 23

acute forelimb prox sus desmitis

Answer 23

reasonable prognosis
return to exercise in 3-4months
controlled exercise

Question 24

chronic forelimb prox sus desmitis

Answer 24

guarded prognosis

Question 25

hindlimb proximal suspensory desmopathy

Answer 25

no localising signs lamer on outside of circle often bilateral degenerative straight hock predisposes

Question 26

treatment of HL prox sus demopthy

Answer 26

plantar neurectomy fasciotomy

Question 27

accessory lig of ddft which limb

Answer 27

more common in forelimb painful on palpation

Question 28

acute cases of accessory lig of ddft

Answer 28

rest cooling intalesional treatment regenerative laser shockwave

Question 29

chronic cases of acc lig of ddft

Answer 29

non responsive desmotomy

Question 30

hygroma

Answer 30

acquired injury to bursa due to trauma no pain, no communication no lameness

Question 31

calcaneal bursa

Answer 31

intertendinous or subtendinous capped hock

Question 32

navicular bursa

Answer 32

need mri to diagnose podotrochlear apparatus

Question 33

where does dfts begin and end

Answer 33

from distal 1/3 of MC/MT to hoof

Question 34

function of sheath

Answer 34

surrounds spf and deep dig flexor tendons

Question 35

whats dfts associated with

Answer 35

annular ligament manica flexoria

Question 36

primary tenosynovitis

Answer 36

low grade trauma infectious hyperextension

Question 37

secondary tenosynovitis

Answer 37

ddf tendonitis damage to manica flexoria and synovial layers tearing of vincula PAL injury

Question 38

distension of dfts

Answer 38

palmar annular lig syndrome -- trauma or fetlock over extension chronic inflammation --- adhesions, fibrosis perpetating condition --- inflammation, pressure, stenosis