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Equine > Obsterics > Flashcards

Obsterics Flashcards

1
Q

structural subfertility infertility

A

chromosomal abnormalties
perineal conformation, pendulous uterus
uterine cysts
ovarian anovulatory sytructures

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2
Q

functional subfertility infertilty

A

cryptochidism
behvaioural dysfunction
durgs
endometritis
endometriosis
venereal disease

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3
Q

types of endometrial cysts

A

glandular
lymphatic

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4
Q

treatment of cysts

A

laser
snare

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5
Q

drugs acting on sertolis cells

A

fever
diethylphtalate

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6
Q

drugs acting on leydig cells

A

steroids
dioxins

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7
Q

most common abnormalities with ejacutlation

A

failure of ejaculation
urine contamination
back pain
lameness
vocalisation
xylazine stimulates ejaculation without copulation

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8
Q

infectious endometritis
bacteria

A

aerobic
s. equi ssp. zooepidemicus
e. colic
pseudomonas aeroginosa
kelbsiella
staph
t. equigenitalis
enterobacter & proteus - anaerobic

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9
Q

infectious endometritis
fungi

A

candida
aspergillus
mucor

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10
Q

category I of endometrial biopsy

A

healthy endometrium
no inflammation or fibrosis
foal rate - 80-90

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11
Q

category IIA of endometrial biopsy

A

mild disseminated inflammation
mild fibrosis
endometrial atrophy
foal rate - 50-80

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12
Q

category IIB of endometrial biopsy

A

moderate inflammation
moderate fibrosis
foal rate 10-50

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13
Q

category III of endometrial biopsy

A

severe
irreversible changes
inflammation
fibrosis
foal rate <10

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14
Q

indications for endometrial biopsy

A

barren mare
repeat breeders
no heat
abortion
embryo tranfer recipeitns
pyometra

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15
Q

contraindications for endometrial biopsy

A

pregnancy

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16
Q

treatment of endometritis

A

antimicrobial peptides - ceragyn (mimics neutrophils)
immune based - GCC
kerosene #regenerative therapy
exercise
omega 3 fatty acids

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17
Q

notifiable veneareal diseases

A

dourine - trypanosoma
CEM - contagious equine metritis
EVA - equine viral arteritis
EIA - equine infectious anaemia
EHV3 - herpes

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18
Q

CEM
clinical signs

A

grey vulvar discharge
shortened estrus

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19
Q

CEM
treatment

A

lavage
infusions with AB
mechanical cleaning with chlorohexdiine for 5 days

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20
Q

coital exanthema
cause

A

herpes

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21
Q

coital exanthema
clinical signs

A

multiple circular nodules on vulvar mucosa, penile body, prepuce, perineal skin
dullness
anaorexia
fever
regional oedema

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22
Q

EVA
clinical signs

A

fever
depression
lethargy
anorexia
conjunctivits
rhinits
serous nasal discharge
oedema of - palpebrae, periorbit, subpraorbit, mammary gland, prepuce, ventral abdomen, legs, skin
weakness
ataxia
congestion or petchiae on mm
abortion

23
Q

dourine
cause

A

t. brucei equiperdum

24
Q

dourine
clinical signs

A

fever
local oedma of genitals
vaginal discharge
facial paralysis
anaemia
emaciation
dollar spots

25
Q

basic procedures for testing mares

A

reproductive history
general physical examination
perineal conformation
teasing behaviour
palpation
US

26
Q

Advanced procedures for testing mares

A

vaginal exam with speculum
cervial exam
uterine culutre
endometrial cytology and biopsy

27
Q

special tests for testing mares

A

endocrine profile
hysteroscopy
karyotype - examine abnormalities of chromosome

28
Q

signs of oestrus

A

raising tail
urination
winking of clitoris
mating posture

29
Q

signs of dioestrus

A

back pined ears
kicking
swishing tail
aggression

30
Q

normal structures in non pregnant ovaries

A

ovarian follicles
corpus haemorrhagicum
CL
corpus albicans

31
Q

diseases of scrotum and testicles

A

cryptorchidism
orchitis - trauma or infectious –> need to castrate
trauma
torsion of testes
testicular degeneration
testicular neoplasia

32
Q

diseases of tunica vaginalis and spermatic chord

A

hydrocele
inguinal/ scrotal hernia
varicocele
epididymitis
sperm accumulation syndrome

33
Q

hydrocele

A

accumulation of serous fluid within the lumen of the vaginal process
caused by increased production and decreased secretion of fluid

34
Q

treatment of hydrocele

A

dexamethasone

35
Q

varicocele

A

dilation of veins of pampiniform plexus and cremaster

36
Q

behavioral assessment of pregnancy

37
Q

vaginal examination

A

day 18-21
check vaginal mm and cervical orifice

38
Q

hormone examination
progesterone

A

day 18-20
P4 low - not pregnant
P4 high - functional CL present - pregnant

39
Q

hormone examination
eCG

A

day 35-120

40
Q

hormone examination
estrogen

A

day 12
good for fetal viability as well

41
Q

rectal palpation
day 18-20

A

increased tone in vaginal horn
cervix is firm and tightly closed

42
Q

rectal palpation
day 25-30

A

pregnancy located near bifurcation

43
Q

rectal palpation
day 35-40

A

flexible spherical bulge

44
Q

rectal palpation
day 45-50

A

fills palm and finger

45
Q

rectal palpation
day 60-65

A

Pregnancy expands into uterine body

46
Q

rectal palpation
day 100-120

A

pregnancy expanded dorsally into uterine body
foetus felt with ballottement

47
Q

rectal palpation
day 150-210

A

use broad lid and ovaries to detect pregnancy
foetus felt with ballottement

48
Q

rectal palpation
day 240- foaling

A

uterus expands upwards
remarkable foetus growth
hard foetus easy to feel

49
Q

day for US earliest check

50
Q

day 20 US

Equine (25 decks)

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