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Equine > Surgery of the oral cavity, oesophagus and neck. Equine dentistry. > Flashcards

Surgery of the oral cavity, oesophagus and neck. Equine dentistry. Flashcards

1
Q

number of teeth in mares

A

40

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2
Q

number of teeth in stallions

A

44

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3
Q

Dental formula

A

I 3/3
C 1/1
PM 3/3
M 3/3

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4
Q

mineral content of enamel

A

95%

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5
Q

enamel

A

no reparative ability

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6
Q

dentin minteral content

A

70%

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7
Q

dentin

A

softer and more flexible than enamel
help to prevent cracks

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8
Q

cementum

A

bone like
living tissue - peridontal lig supplies
infundibulum can collect bacteria

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9
Q

number of pulp channels

A

5
can be more on the 6th and11th molars

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10
Q

how many roots do maxillary cheek teeth have

A

3 roots

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11
Q

incisor numbers

A

101, 201, 301, 401

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12
Q

canine numbers

A

104, 404

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13
Q

wolf teeth numbers

A

105, 405

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14
Q

2rd premolar

A

106 , 406

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15
Q

3rd premolar

A

107, 407

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16
Q

3rd premolar

A

107, 407

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17
Q

4th premolar

A

108, 408

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18
Q

molars

A

109,110, 111, 409,, 410, 411

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19
Q

pulp numbering system
1st

A

pulp channel on maxillary side

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20
Q

pulp numbering system
2ND

A

Caudo lateral pulp channel

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21
Q

pulp numbering system
3rd

A

rosto medial

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22
Q

pulp numbering system
3rd

A

rosto medial

23
Q

pulp numbering system
4th

A

caudolateral

24
Q

pulp numbering system
5th

A

palatine

25
Q

pulp numbering system
6th

A

most rostal point of tooth

26
Q

pulp numbering system
7 and 8

A

most caudal part of tooth

27
Q

chewing of a horse

A

only 1 side at a time
normal - ventral - lateral - dorsal - medial

28
Q

disorders of equine incisors

A
  • Retained Deciduous teeth
  • Malocclusions
  • Supernumerary teeth
  • Trauma
  • Caries
  • Tooth Resorption (EOTRH syndrome)
29
Q
  • Retained Deciduous teeth
A

maleruption of teh permanent tooth
failure of root resoprtion

30
Q
  • Malocclusions
A

offset bite
parrot mouth - surgery
sow mouth

31
Q
  • Supernumerary teeth
A
  • Similar developmental abnormalities to cheek teeth can arise in incisors
  • Before too extraction take x – ray of this area.
  • Can have longer root than normal
32
Q
  • Trauma
A
  • Common in young horses
  • Kicking injury, chew something
  • Doral ventral view: is much more informative for us: Where is the fracture line.
  • Cerclage wire fixation: Sedation (Xylazine, detomedine and sometimes with diazepam or butorphanol)
  • Fixation: Cerclage wire, Cerclage wire holders + holder, 3.2, or 2.5 gage drill guide or drill holder
33
Q
  • Caries
A

develop due to fracture, kicking or hypocementosis

34
Q
  • Tooth Resorption (EOTRH syndrome)
A

presents from normal through fractures or diseases teeth
incisors and canines
treatment - extraction
causes pain and enlarged roots
enlarged bulbs on root area

35
Q

wolf tooth

A

1st premolar
remove in younger horses
root can be x3 longer than crown area

36
Q

diseases of cheek teeth

A
  • Overgrowth (Not only on 6th and 11th but also on the 9th and 10 too)
  • Supernumerary teeth
  • Diastema
  • Fracture
  • Infundibular caries
  • Pulpitis
  • Periapical infection
  • Displaced.
37
Q

diastema

A

space btw teeth
it can occur If there is a dispaement on the 9th and the angulation will change and diastema can built inbetween
in a younger horse

a older horse where the roots angulation change a bit more straight, not so angulated – diastema can occur quite easily there.

38
Q

types of diastema

A

open and closed

39
Q

open diastema

A

Better prognosis ..> Can do the tooth rasping and cleaning this will heal.

40
Q

closed diastema

A

The crowns in between there is a contact and under it there is a space where the food can accumulate and cause periodontal disease and cause infection in the periodontal ligament.

can cause osteomyelitis and loosing of the 9th and the 10th tooth.

41
Q

pulpitis

A

imflammation of the pulp due to bacterial penetration in pulp channels
abrasions, trauma
thermal damage
tooth extraction
grab wrong tooth

42
Q

treatment of pulpitis

A

Endodontic treatment
sedation
Tooth extraction
lavage with saline with betadine.
silicon suture

43
Q

periapical infection

A

easier to detect in young horses
mandibular - enlarged and painful can cause sinusitis and fistule canal formation
maxillary - purulent nasal dishcarge from sinus. CT necessary

44
Q

displaced cheek teeth

A

congenital
- Difficulties during eruption.
- Displacements caused by bad eruption or difficulties around eruptation.
- MIB: Minimally invasive buccotomy (inbetween the infected tooth)

45
Q

tumours of oral cavity

A

squamous cell carcinoma

46
Q

primary sinusitis

A

rare
strep infection
ct needed

47
Q

secondary sinusitis

A

often tooth problem
fracture, neoplasia, hematoma, sinus cyst

48
Q

symptom of sinusitis

A
  • Nasal discharge (Serous/mucopurulent)
  • Swelling/deformation
  • Decreased airflow (Dyspnoea, apnoea)
  • Sometimes see: Cutan fistula, Ocular Discharge or Fetid odor.
49
Q

diagnosis of sinusitis

A

endoscope - medial meatus
clinical exam of mouth
sinoscopy
ct/ scintography/ mri
xray - radiodensity in sinus

50
Q

sinus trepanation steps

A
  1. removed periosteum from bone
  2. drill 23mm hole into sinus frontalis
  3. blindly take out bulla
  4. can remove infected pus
  5. create new exit from sinus into nasal passage (forceps)
  6. folie catheter - lavage for 3-5 days
  7. suture periosteum
  8. sulture cutis and subcutis together
51
Q

problems with trepanation

A

a lot of bleeidng

52
Q

sinus cyst formation

A

unknown aetiology
symtpoms - swelling, decreased airflow, nasal discharge, stridor
treatment - trepination

53
Q

facial paralysis
Symptoms

A

swelling, odour, nasal discharge, stridor

54
Q

cause of facial paralysis

A

platelet epithel carcinoma

Equine (25 decks)

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