Angular Limb Deformities Flashcards
angular limb deformities diagnosis
in foals - valgus deformity
static and dynamic evaluation
palpation
xray - DPa of carpus
toe in same direction as carpus (should be pointed in your direction)
perinatal deformities
cuboidal bone ossification
at ossification centres - distal radial, tibial epiphyis, carpal and tarsal bones, ulnar styloid process
incomplete ossification due to
shortened hestation
abnormal uterine position
placental insufficiency
metabolic diseases
colic
shock
grading of incomplete ossification
grade 1
some cuboidal bones of carpus and tarsus have no evidence of ossification
grading of incomplete ossification
grade 2
all cuboidal bones have some evidence of ossification
grading of incomplete ossification
grade 3
all cuboidal bones are ossified
small rounded edges present
joint spaces are wide
prox physis of McIII are closed
grading of incomplete ossification
grade 4
cuboidal bones are shapes
treatment of incomplete ossification
stall rest - try to avoid collapse
exercise on weakened partially ossified carpal/ tarsal bones
xray every 2 weeks
if limb isnt straight - splint and cast
controlled daily exercise 10-20mins
acquired limb deformities due to
disproportionate growth
too rapid growth
heavy birth weigth
exercise
physeal dyslplasis
trauma
dietary imbalance
genetic
treatment of acquired limb deformities
stall rest
controlled exercise
foot manipulatio
what acquired limb deformities is normal
carpal deviation up to 4degree angulation
foals have natural growth correction
growth speed
faster = more heavily loaded side (concave)
slower = less heavily loaded side (convex)
foot manipulation
balancing force on growth plate
more effective in fetlock than carpus
what does foot manipulation involve
controlled exercise and hoof trimming
repeat every 2-4weeks
foot extension shoes
valgus
outside hoof wall is lowered
carpus deformity
*extension placed on medial aspect of hoof
varus
pigeon toe in conformation
inside hoof wall lowered
*extension placed on lateral aspect of hoof
-more force on the lateral side
surgical techniques for acquired limb deformities
growth acceleration HCPTE
Growth retardation
combination - acceleration and retatrdation
flexural limb deformities
when limb deviates from the normal vertical alignment in the sagittal plane
categories of flexural limb deformities
flexor contracture - persistent hyperflexion
flexor laxity - tendon units not contracted
cause of congenital flexural limb deformities
teratogenic agents
intrauterine positioning
genetic predisposition
acquired flexural limb deformities
mismatch in bone/tendon/lig growth
contraction of musculotendinous unit
btw w4 and m4
2 congenital flexural limb deformities
digital hyperextension deformities
ruptured common digital extensor tendon
digital hyperextension deformities
usually corrects itself
if doesnt resolve - minimal trimming, splint,
dont use a cast
ruptured common digital extensor tendon
swelling of tendon sheath
secondary
tendon defect palpable
knuckling at fetlock joint
treat with splint and sedation
treatment of congenital flexural limb deformities
exercise
IV antibiotics and sedation to give more flexibility to flexor tendons
farriery
splint/cast
transection of flexor carpi ulnaria and ulnaris lateralis
acquired flexural deformities
longitudinal growth of bone > tendon
1-4months = DIPJ or club foot
1-6months = PIP, MCP
causes of acquired flexural deformities
excessive feeding
inherent potential for rapid growth
nutritional imbalances
types of acquired flexural deformities
club foot
mcp/mtp region
club foot
contractural deformity
DIPJ
dorsal hoof wall more vertical angle
heels dont touch ground
MCP/MTP region
congenital or 10-18months
foot is normal but pastern assumes more upright position
1st stage of club foot
dorsal hoof wall 60-90o
surgery possible
2nd stage of club foot
dorsal hoof wall over 90o
grade I of of MCP/MTP region
straight MCP/MTP
grade II of of MCP/MTP region
angle around 180o
grade III of of MCP/MTP region
angle > 180o
non surgical treatment of acquired flexural deformities
balance nutrition
avoid overfeeding of foal
mineral balance - Ca/P
farriery
glue on rubber shoe
club foot treatment
balance nutrition
nsaid
toe extension
exercise
desmotomy of DDFT acc lig
desmotomy of acc lig of DDFT
5cm incision prox and middle third of McIII
separate subcut tissue and fascia
acc. lig sharply transected
*treatment for 1st stage club foot
Tenotomy of DDFT
treatment for 2nd stage of flexural deformity
hoof ground angle >115degrees
midpastern - through dfts
contractural defromites of metacarpophalangeal joint
as a yearling - rapid growth of radius
fetlock goes in dorsal direction
treatment - nutrition, nsaid, physio, desmotomy of sdt acc lig
desmotomy of acc lig of SDFT
