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Equine > Metabolic, Endocrine, Msk Diseases > Flashcards

Metabolic, Endocrine, Msk Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

4 main types of electrolyte imbalances

A

NaCl
HypoCa
HYPP
late pregnancy tetany

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2
Q

causes of hypocalcaemia

A

sepsis
endotoxaemia
alkalosis in exercising horses
lactation & pregnancy
rapid tetracycline administration
cantharidine toxicosis

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3
Q

what does hypocalcaemia cause

A

increased neuromuscular activity

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4
Q

what does neuromuscular activity cause

A

muscle fasciculation
tremors
tetany
synchronous diaphragmatic flutter
ileus

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5
Q

what does hypp mean

A

hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis

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6
Q

what causes HYPP

A

autosomal dominance - mutated sodium channels

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7
Q

symptoms of hypp

A

fasciculation paralysis
well muscled
clinically normal btw episodes

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8
Q

treatment of hypp

A

acetazolamide
dextrose
sodium bicarbonate
insulin
calcium gluconate

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9
Q

3 diseases of Vit E/Selenium defficiency

A

Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
equine motor neuron diease
white muscle disease/ yellow fat disease

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10
Q

EMND clinical signs

A

gait abnormalities
muscle atrophy

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11
Q

EMND causes

A

low serum vitamin e

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12
Q

how to diagnose EMND

A

biopsy of sacrococcygeal dors muscle

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13
Q

EDM clinical signs

A

mild - moderate ataxia

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14
Q

EDM causes

A

low serum vit e

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15
Q

age of horses with EDM

A

younger

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16
Q

age of horses with EMND

A

middle aged - older

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17
Q

cause of white muscle disease

A

low vit e/se
increased unsat fat
lipid peroxidation
increased free radicals

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18
Q

clinical signs of white muscle disease

A

muscular dystrophy
swollen firm muscles
inability to stane
cardiac muscle dystophy

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19
Q

lab signs of white muscle disease

A

myoglobinuria
CK++
AST

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20
Q

another name for yellow fat disease

A

steatitis of ponies

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21
Q

cause of yellow fat diesase

A

decreased generalised fat

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22
Q

clinical signs of yellow fat disease

A

necrosis/abscess like lesions
weight loss
normal appetite
soft swellings
dyspnoea
+/- polypnoea
fever
ventral
oedema
painful movement

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23
Q

therapy of yellow fat disease

A

keep off grass
analgesiac
vit e and selenium replacement

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24
Q

muscular disease

A

recurrent extertional rhabdomyolysis
polysaccharide storage myopathy
post exercise myopathy

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25
what is RER most common in
thoroughbreds
26
what is PSSM common in
quarter horses
27
what is EPSM common in
draft bred horses
28
cause of RER
onset of intense exercise overfeeding of concentrates
29
consequence of RER
malignant hyperthermia ryanodine receptor gene mutation
30
clinical signs of PSSM
stiff gait stretching out reluctance to move recumbency
31
cause of PSSM
accumulation of abnormal polysaccharide within myoplasm- glucose metabolism genetic testing for type 1 autosomal dominat gys gene
32
diagnosis of pssm
muscle biopsy
33
clinical signs of post exercise myopathy
swollen, rigid, painful gluteal muscles myoglobinuria - renal failure CK, AST, VPC muscle atrophy recumbency
34
pathogenesis of post exercise myopathy
rest followed by sudden exercise increased muscle glycogen increased lactic acid
35
treatment of post exercise myopathy
analgesiac, sedatives NSAIDS - flunxin fluid therapy furosemide rest, suspension B vitamin
36
prevention of post exercise myopathy
when resting decrease energy slight movement after rest
37
pathogenesis of overexertion
glycogen & electrolyte depletion poor perfusion lactic acidosis
38
clinical signs of overexertion
sudden muscle soreness sweating stiff gait swollen, painful, spastic, rigid muscles
39
therapy of overexertion
rest massage suspension analgesia flunxin infusions for renal protection
40
cause of post anaesthetic myositis
long GA hypotension positioning padding direct pressure damge to muscle perfusion disturbance
41
clinical signs of post anaesthetic myositis
prolonged recovery unable to stand hot, firm muscles reluctant to bear weight
42
lab findings of post anaesthetic myositis
CK AST
43
cause of atypical myopathy
short chained fatty acid containing fat disrupting mitochondrial carnithine mediated metabolism of lipids
44
clinical signs of atypical myopathy
gaait abnormalities myoglobinuria recombency generalised myonecrosis
45
3 theorys of laminitis
ischemic theory mechanical theory enzymatic theory
46
type of perfusion with ischemic theory
hypoperfusion
47
type of perfusion with enzymatic theory
hyperperfusion
48
etiology of laminitis
feeding CHO primary diseases with endotoxaemia traumatic, mechanical GCC\ EMS, Cushings
49
Acute laminitis clinical signs
inreased pulse and resp rate muscle tremor refusing to move bounding digital pulse
50
chronic laminitis clinical signs
rotation and displacement of distal coffin bone
51
treatment of laminitis
sand or deep bedding cryotherapy NSAIDS DDFT tenotomy corrective trimming isoxsuprine hydrocloride ACP heparin aspirin DMSA pentoxyfilline
52
cause of EMS
obeisity insulin resistance chronic laminitis
53
what to check in case of ems
base insulin level glucose/insulin tolerance and response test
54
treatment of ems
strict diet shoeing grazing muzzle
55
treatment of PPID
pergolide
56
tests to diagnose PPID
ACTH dexmethasone suppression test TRH stimmulation test
57
pathogenesis of hyperlipemia in ponies
decreased intake of food can be associated with EMS, IR lipid mobilisation
58
clinical signs of hyperlipemia
depression anorexia colic lethargy abnormal gait hepatoencephalopathy recumbency death
59
diagnosis of hyperlipemia
lipaemic plasma TG >5.6mmol/l severe organ dysfunction lipid embolism
60
treatment of hyperlipemia
elimination of the cause bran + molasses fluid therapy protamine zn insulin heparin parenteral nutrition
61
prevention of hyperlipemia
avoid stress and weight gain

Equine (25 decks)

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