Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine > Metabolic, Endocrine, Msk Diseases > Flashcards

Metabolic, Endocrine, Msk Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

4 main types of electrolyte imbalances

A

NaCl
HypoCa
HYPP
late pregnancy tetany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes of hypocalcaemia

A

sepsis
endotoxaemia
alkalosis in exercising horses
lactation & pregnancy
rapid tetracycline administration
cantharidine toxicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does hypocalcaemia cause

A

increased neuromuscular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does neuromuscular activity cause

A

muscle fasciculation
tremors
tetany
synchronous diaphragmatic flutter
ileus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does hypp mean

A

hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what causes HYPP

A

autosomal dominance - mutated sodium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

symptoms of hypp

A

fasciculation paralysis
well muscled
clinically normal btw episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

treatment of hypp

A

acetazolamide
dextrose
sodium bicarbonate
insulin
calcium gluconate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 diseases of Vit E/Selenium defficiency

A

Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
equine motor neuron diease
white muscle disease/ yellow fat disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EMND clinical signs

A

gait abnormalities
muscle atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EMND causes

A

low serum vitamin e

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to diagnose EMND

A

biopsy of sacrococcygeal dors muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

EDM clinical signs

A

mild - moderate ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EDM causes

A

low serum vit e

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

age of horses with EDM

A

younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

age of horses with EMND

A

middle aged - older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cause of white muscle disease

A

low vit e/se
increased unsat fat
lipid peroxidation
increased free radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

clinical signs of white muscle disease

A

muscular dystrophy
swollen firm muscles
inability to stane
cardiac muscle dystophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lab signs of white muscle disease

A

myoglobinuria
CK++
AST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

another name for yellow fat disease

A

steatitis of ponies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cause of yellow fat diesase

A

decreased generalised fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

clinical signs of yellow fat disease

A

necrosis/abscess like lesions
weight loss
normal appetite
soft swellings
dyspnoea
+/- polypnoea
fever
ventral
oedema
painful movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

therapy of yellow fat disease

A

keep off grass
analgesiac
vit e and selenium replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

muscular disease

A

recurrent extertional rhabdomyolysis
polysaccharide storage myopathy
post exercise myopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is RER most common in

A

thoroughbreds

26
Q

what is PSSM common in

A

quarter horses

27
Q

what is EPSM common in

A

draft bred horses

28
Q

cause of RER

A

onset of intense exercise
overfeeding of concentrates

29
Q

consequence of RER

A

malignant hyperthermia
ryanodine receptor gene mutation

30
Q

clinical signs of PSSM

A

stiff gait
stretching out
reluctance to move
recumbency

31
Q

cause of PSSM

A

accumulation of abnormal polysaccharide within myoplasm- glucose metabolism
genetic testing for type 1 autosomal dominat gys gene

32
Q

diagnosis of pssm

A

muscle biopsy

33
Q

clinical signs of post exercise myopathy

A

swollen, rigid, painful gluteal muscles
myoglobinuria - renal failure
CK, AST, VPC
muscle atrophy
recumbency

34
Q

pathogenesis of post exercise myopathy

A

rest followed by sudden exercise
increased muscle glycogen
increased lactic acid

35
Q

treatment of post exercise myopathy

A

analgesiac, sedatives
NSAIDS - flunxin
fluid therapy
furosemide
rest, suspension
B vitamin

36
Q

prevention of post exercise myopathy

A

when resting decrease energy
slight movement after rest

37
Q

pathogenesis of overexertion

A

glycogen & electrolyte depletion
poor perfusion
lactic acidosis

38
Q

clinical signs of overexertion

A

sudden muscle soreness
sweating
stiff gait
swollen, painful, spastic, rigid muscles

39
Q

therapy of overexertion

A

rest
massage
suspension
analgesia
flunxin
infusions for renal protection

40
Q

cause of post anaesthetic myositis

A

long GA
hypotension
positioning
padding
direct pressure damge to muscle
perfusion disturbance

41
Q

clinical signs of post anaesthetic myositis

A

prolonged recovery
unable to stand
hot, firm muscles
reluctant to bear weight

42
Q

lab findings of post anaesthetic myositis

43
Q

cause of atypical myopathy

A

short chained fatty acid containing fat
disrupting mitochondrial carnithine mediated metabolism of lipids

44
Q

clinical signs of atypical myopathy

A

gaait abnormalities
myoglobinuria
recombency
generalised myonecrosis

45
Q

3 theorys of laminitis

A

ischemic theory
mechanical theory
enzymatic theory

46
Q

type of perfusion with ischemic theory

A

hypoperfusion

47
Q

type of perfusion with enzymatic theory

A

hyperperfusion

48
Q

etiology of laminitis

A

feeding CHO
primary diseases with endotoxaemia
traumatic, mechanical
GCC\
EMS, Cushings

49
Q

Acute laminitis clinical signs

A

inreased pulse and resp rate
muscle tremor
refusing to move
bounding digital pulse

50
Q

chronic laminitis clinical signs

A

rotation and displacement of distal coffin bone

51
Q

treatment of laminitis

A

sand or deep bedding
cryotherapy
NSAIDS
DDFT tenotomy
corrective trimming
isoxsuprine hydrocloride
ACP
heparin
aspirin
DMSA
pentoxyfilline

52
Q

cause of EMS

A

obeisity
insulin resistance
chronic laminitis

53
Q

what to check in case of ems

A

base insulin level
glucose/insulin tolerance and response test

54
Q

treatment of ems

A

strict diet
shoeing
grazing muzzle

55
Q

treatment of PPID

56
Q

tests to diagnose PPID

A

ACTH dexmethasone suppression test
TRH stimmulation test

57
Q

pathogenesis of hyperlipemia in ponies

A

decreased intake of food
can be associated with EMS, IR
lipid mobilisation

58
Q

clinical signs of hyperlipemia

A

depression
anorexia
colic
lethargy
abnormal gait
hepatoencephalopathy
recumbency
death

59
Q

diagnosis of hyperlipemia

A

lipaemic plasma
TG >5.6mmol/l
severe organ dysfunction
lipid embolism

60
Q

treatment of hyperlipemia

A

elimination of the cause
bran + molasses
fluid therapy
protamine zn insulin
heparin
parenteral nutrition

61
Q

prevention of hyperlipemia

A

avoid stress and weight gain

Equine (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions