Surface Anatomy and Acupoints: Lower Limb Flashcards
UB 32 location
Over the second posterior sacral foramen
UB 32 angle
Perpendicular
UB 32 depth
0.5-1 or 1.5-2 cun
UB 28 location
1.5 cun lateral to the midline, at the level of the second posterior sacral foramen
UB 28 angle
Perpendicular
UB 28 depth
0.5-1 cun
UB 53 location
3 cun lateral to the midline, at the level of the spinous process of the 2nd sacral vertebra
UB 53 angle
Perpendicular
UB 53 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 34 location
Over the 4th posterior sacral foramen
UB 34 angle
Perpendicular
UB 34 depth
0.5-1 or 1.5-2 cun
UB 30 location
1.5 cun lateral to the midline, at the level of the 4th posterior sacral foramen
UB 30 angle
Perpendicular
UB 30 depth
0.5-1 cun
UB 54 location
3 cun lateral to the midline, at the level of the spinous process of the 4th sacral vertebra (3 cun lateral to the sacrao-coccygeal hiatus)
UB 54 angle
Perpendicular
UB 54 depth
1-2.5 cun
UB 35 location
0.5 cun lateral to the Du Mai, level with the tip of the coccyx
UB 35 angle
Perpendicular towards the genital region
UB 35 depth
1-1.5 cun
Yao Qi location
2 cun directly above the tip of the coccyx
Yao Qi angle
Transverse upward
Yao Qi depth
1-2 cun
Huan Zhong location
Midway between GB30 and Du 2
Huan Zhong angle
Perpendicular
Huan Zhong depth
1.5-2 cun, 2-3 cun
GB 30 location
On the postero-lateral aspect of the hip joint, 1/3 of the distance between the prominence of the greater trochanter of the sacrococcygeal hiatus (Du 2)
GB 30 angle
Perpendicular towards genitals
GB 30 depth
2-3.5 cun
GB 29 location
On the lateral aspect of the hip joint, at the midpoint of a line drawn between the anterior superior iliac spine and the prominence of the greater trochanter
GB 29 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique inferiorly
GB 29 depth
P: 1-2 cun
Oblique inferiorly: 2-3 cun
UB 36 location
Just below the buttock, on a line directly superior to UB 40, in the center of the transverse gluteal crease, in a depression between the hamstring muscles
UB 36 angle
Perpendicular
UB 36 depth
1-2 cun
LV 12 location
1 cun inferior and 2.5 cun lateral to Ren 2, in the crease of the groin, medial to the femoral vein
LV 2 angle
medial, slightly Oblique
LV 12 depth
0.5-0.8 cun
LV 12 caution
Femoral Vein
GB 30 caution
deep, sciatic nerve
UB 36 caution
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
deeper=sciatic nerve
Sp 12 location
3.5 cun lateral to Ren 2, on the lateral side of the femoral artery
SP 12 angle
Perpendicular
SP 12 depth
0.5-1 cun
SP 12 caution
femoral artery = medial
femoral nerve = lateral
SP 13 location
On the lower abdomen, 0.7 cun superior and 0.5 cun lateral to SP 12, 4 cun lateral to the midline
SP 13 angle
Perpendicular
SP 13 depth
1-1.5 cun
SP 13 caution
Peritoneal cavity
LV 11 location
2 cun inferior to St 30 on the posterior border of the adductor longus muscle
LV 11 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
LV 11 depth
0.5-1.5 cun
LV 10 location
3 cun inferior to ST 30 on the anterior border of the adductor longus muscle
LV 10 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
LV 10 depth
0.5-1.5 cun
ST 31 location
On the upper thigh, in a depression just lateral to the sartorius muscle, at the junction of a vertical line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine, and a horizontal line drawn level with the lower border of the pubic symphysis
ST 31 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
ST 31 depth
1-2 cun
ST 32 location
On the thigh, on a line drawn between the lateral border of the patella and the anterior superior iliac spine, in a depression 6 cun proximal to the superior border of the patella
ST 32 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
ST 32 depth
1-2 cun
ST 33 location
On the thigh, on a line drawn between the lateral border of the patella and the anterior superior iliac spine, in a depression 3 cun proximal to the superior border of the patella
ST 33 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
ST 33 depth
1-1.5 cun
SP 11 location
On the medial side of the thigh, 6 cun proximal to SP 10, on line connecting SP 10 with SP 12
SP 11 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
SP 11 depth
0.5-1 cun
SP 11 caution
Femoral artery
LV 9 location
Directly superior to the medial epicondyle of the femur, 4 cun superior to LV 8, in the cleft between the vastus medialis and sartorius muscles
LV 9 angle
Perpendicualr
Oblique
LV 9 depth
1-2 cun
Si Qiang location
4.5 cun superior to the center of the upper patellar border (5.5 cun up from the midpoint of the patella)
Si Qiang angle
Perpendicular
Si Qiang depth
1-2 cun
He Ding location
In the depression at the midpoint of the superior border of the patella
He Ding angle
Perpendicular
He Ding depth
0.5-1 cun
SP 10 location
2 cun proximal to the superior border of the patella, in the tender depression on the bulge of the vastus medialis muscle, directly above SP 9
SP 10 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
SP 10 depth
1-1.5 cun
ST 34 location
On the thigh, on a line drawn between the lateral border of the patella and the anterior superior iliac spine, in a depression 2 cun proximal to the superior border of the patella
ST 34 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
St 34 depth
1-1.5 cun
Bai Cong Wo location
3 cun proximal to the superior border of the patella, in a tender depression on the bulge of the vastus medialis muslce
Bai Cong Wo angle
Pernepdicular or Oblique
Bai Cong Wo depth
1-1.5 cun
Kuan Gu location
A pair of points 2 cun superior to the patella and 1.5 cun lateral and medial to ST 34
Kuan Gu angle
Perpendicular
Kuan Gu depth
1-1.5 cun
LV 8 location
Just superior to the medial end of the popliteal crease, in the depression anterior to the tendons of semitendinosus and semimembranosus, about 1 cun anterior to KD 10
LV 8 angle
Perpendicular or slightly posterior insertion
LV 8 depth
1-1.5 cun
KD 10 location
At the medial end of the popliteal crease, between the semitendinosus and semimembranosus tendons
KD 10 angle
Perpendicular
KD 10 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 40 location
At the back of the knee, on the popliteal crease, in a depression halfway between teh tendons of biceps femoris and semitendinosus
UB 40 angle
Perpendicular or prick and bleed the superficial veins
UB 40 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 40 caution
Tibial Nerve
Popliteal artery and nerve
UB 39 location
At the back of the knee, on the popliteal crease and twoards its lateral end, in the depression medial to the tendon of biceps femoris
UB 39 angle
Perpendicular
UB 39 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 39 caution
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Common peroneal nerve
ST 35 location
On the knee, in the hallow formed when the knee is flexed, immediately below the patella and lateral to the patella ligament
ST 35 angle
Perpendicular towards UB 40
Oblique medially and superiorly
ST 35 depth
1-2 cun
Xi Yan location
On the knee, in the hollows formed when the knee is flexed, immediately below the patella and both medial and lateral to the patella ligament
Xi Yan angle
Perpendicular towards UB 40
Oblique medially and superiorly
Xi Yan depth
1-2 cun
GB 31 location
On the lateral aspect of the thigh, directly below the greater trochanter, 7 cun superior to the popliteal crease
GB 31 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
GB 31 depth
P: 1-2 cun
O: 1.5-2.5 cun
GB 32 location
On the lateral aspect of the thigh, 2 cun inferior to GB 31
GB 32 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
GB 32 depth
Perpendicular: 1-2 cun
Oblique: 1.5-2.5 cun
GB 33 location
On the lateral side of the knee, in the depression above the lateral epicondyle of the femur, between the femur and tendon of biceps femoris
GB 33 angle
Perpendicular
GB 33 depth
1-2 cun
UB 37 location
On the back of the thigh, in the depression between the hamstring muscles, 6 cun distal to UB 36 and 8 cun proximal to UB 40, on the line connecting UB 36 and UB 40
UB 37 angle
Perpendicular
UB 37 depth
1-2 cun
UB 37 caution
deep is the sciatic nerve
UB 38 location
On the back of the knee, 1 cun superior to UB 39, on the medial side of the tendon of biceps femoris
UB 38 angle
Perpendicular
UB 38 depth
1-15 cun
UB 38 caution
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Common peroneal nerve
ST 35 location
On the knee, in the hollow formed when the knee is flexed, immediately below the patella and lateral to the patella ligament
ST 35 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
ST 35 depth
1-2 cun
LV 7 location
Posterior and inferior to the medial condyle of the tibia, 1 cun posterior to SP 9
LV 7 angle
Perpendicular
LV 7 depth
1-2 cun
SP 9 location
On the medial side of the lower leg, in a depression in the angle formed by the medial condyle of the tibia and the posterior border of the tibia
SP 9 angle
Perpendicular
SP 9 depth
1-1.5 cun
GB 34 location
Below the lateral aspect of the knee, in the tender depression approximately 1 cun anterior and inferior to the head of the fibula
GB 34 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique
GB 34 depth
1-1.5 cun
GB 34 caution
Common peroneal nerve
SP 8 location
On the medial side of the lower leg, 3 cun inferior to SP 9, in a depression just posterior to the medial crest of the tibia
SP 8 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
SP 8 depth
1-1.5 cun
LV 6 location
7 cun above the prominence of the medial malleolus, immediately posterior to the medial border of the tibia, in the depression between the medial border of the tibia and the gastrocnemius muscle
LV 6 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
LV 6 depth
P: 0.5-1 cun
O: 1-2 cun
SP 7 location
On the medial side of the lower leg, 3 cun superior to PS 6, in a depression just posterior to the medial crest of the tibia
SP 7 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
SP 7 depth
1-1.5 cun
LV 5 location
5 cun above the prominence of the medial malleolus, immediately posterior to the medial crest of the tibia and the gastrocnemius muscle
LV 5 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
LV 5 depth
P: 0.5-1 cun
O: 1-2 cun
KD 9 location
On the medial aspect of the lower leg, 5 cun superior to KD 3, on the line drawn between KD 3 and KD 10, about 1 cun posterior to the medial crest of the tibia
KD 9 angle
Perpendicular
KD 9 depth
1-1.5 cun
SP 6 location
On the medial side of the lower leg, 3 cun superior to the prominence of the medial malleolus, in a depression close to the medial crest of the tibia
SP 6 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
SP 6 depth
1-1.5 cun
SP 6 caution
Pregnancy
KD 7 location
on the medial aspect of the lower leg, in the depression 2 cun superior to KD 3, on the anterior border of the Achilles tendon
KD 7 angle
Perpendicular
KD 7 depth
0.5-1 cun
KD 8 location
On the medial aspect of the lower leg, 2 cun superior to KD 3, and 0.5 cun anterior to KD 7, posterior to the medial crest of the tibia
KD 8 angle
Perpendicular
KD 8 depth
0.5-1 cun
Dan Nang Xue location
A tender point between 1 and 2 cun distal to Gb 34 on the right leg
Dan Nang Xue angle
Perpendicular
Dan Nang Xue depth
1-1.5 cun
ST 36 location
Below the knee, 3 cun inferior to ST 35, one finger breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia
ST 36 angle
Perpendicular
ST 36 depth
1-1.5 cun
Lan Wei Xue location
Tender spot about 2 cun below ST 36
Lan Wei Xue angle
Perpendicular
Lan Wei Xue depth
1-1.5 cun
ST 37 location
On the lower leg, 3 cun inferior to ST 36, one finger breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia
ST 37 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
ST 37 depth
1-1.5 cun
ST 38 location
On the lower leg, midway between the tibiofemoral joint line (level with the popliteal crease) and the prominence of the lateral malleolus, one finger breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia
ST 38 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
ST 38 depth
1-1.5 cun
ST 40 location
On the lower leg, midway between the tibiofemoral joint line (level with the popliteal crease) and the lateral malleolus, two finger breadths lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia
ST 40 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
ST 40 depth
1-1.5 cun
ST 39 location
On the lower leg, 3 cun inferior to ST 37, one finger breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia
ST 39 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
ST 39 depth
1-1.5 cun
GB 35 location
On the lateral aspect of the lower leg, 7 cun superior to the prominence of the lateral malleolus, in the depression at the posterior border of the fibula
GB 35 angle
Perpendicular
GB 35 depth
1-1.5 cun
GB 36 location
On the lateral aspect of the lower leg, 7 cun superior to the prominence of the lateral malleolus, at the anterior border of the fibula
GB 36 angle
Perpendicular
GB 36 depth
1-1.5 cun
GB 37 location
On the lateral aspect of the lower leg, 5 cun superior to the prominence of the lateral malleolus, at the anterior border of the fibula
GB 37 angle
Perpendicular
GB 37 depth
1-1.5 cun
GB 38 location
On the lateral aspect of the lower leg, 4 cun superior to the prominence of the lateral malleolus, at the anterior border of the fibula
GB 38 angle
Perpendicular
GB 38 depth
0.7-1 cun
GB 39 location
Above the ankle joint, 3 cun superior to the prominence f the lateral malleolus, between the posterior border of the fibula and the tendons of perneous longus and brevis
GB 39 angle
Perpendicular
GB 39 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 59 location
On the lower leg, 3 cun directly superior to UB 60
UB 59 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
UB 59 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 55 location
On the lower leg, 2 cun inferior to UB 40, on the lien connecting UB 40 and UB 57, in the depression between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
UB 55 angle
Perpendicular
UB 55 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 56 location
On the lower leg, 5 cun below UB 40 and midway between UB 55 and UB 57, in the center of the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle
UB 56 angle
Perpendicular
UB 56 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 57 location
On the lower leg, in the depression formed below the bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle, when the muscle is flexed, approximately 8 cun distal to UB 40, midway between UB 40 and UB 60
UB 57 angle
?
UB 57 depth
?
UB 58 location
On the lower leg, 7 cun direclty superior to UB 60, lateral to and approximately 1 cun inferior to UB 57
UB 58 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
UB 58 depth
1-1.5 cun
KD 1 location
On the sole of the foot, between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones, approximately 1/3 of the distance between the base of the 2nd toe and the heel, in a depression formed when the foot is plantar flexed
KD 1 angle
Perpendicular
KD 1 depth
0.5- 1 cun
Du Yin location
On the plantar aspect of the 2nd toe, in the center of the distal interphalangeal skinc rease
Du Yin angle
Perpendicular
Du Yin depth
0.1-0.2 cun
Li Nei Ting location
On the plantar aspect of the foot, between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones, opposite side of ST 44
Li Nei Ting angle
Perpendicular
Li Nei Ting depth
0.5 cun
SP 1 location
On the dorsal aspect of the big toe, at the junction of lines drawn along the medial border of the nail and the base of the nail, approximately 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail
SP 1 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique proximally
SP 1 depth
0.1-0.2 cun or prick to bleed
LV 1 location
On the dorsal aspect of the big toe, at the junction of lines drawn along the lateral border of the nail and the base of the nail, approximately 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail
LV 1 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique proximally
LV 1 depth
0.1-0.2 cun or prick to bleed
ST 45 location
On the dorsal aspect of the second toe, at the junction of the lines drawn along the lateral border of the nail and the base of the nail, approximately 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail
ST 45 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique proximally
ST 45 depth
0.1-0.2 cun or prick to bleed
GB 44 location
On the dorsal aspect of the 4th toe, at the junction of lines drawn along the lateral border of the nail and the base of the nail, approximately 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail
GB 44 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique proximally
GB 44 depth
0.1-0.2 cun or prick to bleed
UB 67 location
On the dorsal aspect of the little toe, at the junction of lines drawn along the lateral border of the nail and the base of the nail, approximately 0.1 cun from the corner of the nail
UB 67 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique proximally
UB 67 depth
0.1-0.2 cun or prick to bleed
Qi Duan location
On the tips of the 10 toes
Qi Duan angle
Perpendicular
Qi Duan depth
0.1-0.2 cun or prick to bleed
LV 2 location
On the dorsum of the foot, between the first and second toes, 0.5 cun proximal to the margin of the web
LV 2 angle
Oblique towards the heel
Perpendicular
LV 2 depth
O: 0.5-1 cun
P: 0.5-0.8 cun
ST 44 location
On the dorsum of the foot, between the second and third toes, 0.5 cun proximal to the margin of the web
ST 44 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique proximally
ST 44 depth
P: 0.5
O: 0.5-1 cun
GB 43 location
Between the 4th toe and the little toe, 0.5 cun proximal to the margin of the web
GB 43 angle
Perpendicular
Oblique proximally
GB 43 depth
P: 0.3-0.5 cun
O: 0.5-1 cun
Ba Feng location
On the dorsum of the foot, between the toes, 0.5 cun proximal to the margin of the web
Ba Feng angle
Oblique proximally
Ba Feng depth
0.5-1 cun
SP 2 location
On the medial side of the big toe, in the depression distal and inferior to the first metatarso-phalangeal joint
SP 2 angle
Oblique inferiorly
SP 2 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
SP 3 location
On the medial side of the foot in the depressionproximal and inferior to the head of the first metatarsal bone
SP 3 angle
Perpendicular
SP 3 depth
0.5-1 cun
UB 66 location
On the lateral side of the foot, on the depression anterior and inferior to the 5th metatarso-phalangeal joint
UB 66 angle
Perpendicular
UB 66 depth
0.2-0.3 cun
UB 65 location
On the lateral side of the foot, in the depression posterior and inferior to the head of the 5th metatarsal bone
UB 65 angle
Perpendicular
UB 65 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
KD 2 location
On the medial side of the foot, distal and inferior to the medial malleolus, in the depression distal and inferior to the navicular tuberosity
KD 2 angle
Perpendicular
KD 2 depth
0.5-1 cun
KD 4 location
Approximately 0.5 cun posterior to the midpoint of the line drawn between KD 3 and KD 5, on the anterior border of the Achilles tendon
KD 4 angle
Oblique-Perpendicular directed anteriorly
KD 4 depth
0.5 cun
KD 5 location
1 cun inferior to KD 3, in a depression anterior and superior to the calcaneal tuberosity
KD 5 angle
Oblique-Perpendicular directed away from the bone
KD 5 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
SP 4 location
On the medial side of the foot, in the depression distal and inferior to the base of the first metatarsal bone
SP 4 angle
Perpendicular
SP 4 depth
0.5-1 cun
LV 3 location
On the dorsum of the foot, in the hollow distal to the junction of the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones
LV 3 angle
In the direction of KD 1
LV 3 depth
0.5-1.5 cun
ST 43 location
On the dorsum of the foot, between the second and third metatarsal bones, in a depression 1 cun proximal to ST 44
ST 43 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
ST 43 depth
0.5-1 cun
ST 42 location
On the dorsum of the foot, in the depression formed by the junction of the second and third metatarsal bones and the cuneiform bones, 1.5 cun distal to ST 41, on the line drawn between ST 41 an ST 43, at the point where the pulsation of the dorsal pedis artery may be palpated
ST 42 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique
ST 42 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
ST 42 caution
Dorsalis pedis artery
GB 42 location
Between the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones, in the depression proximal to the metatarsal heads, on the medial side of the tendon of extensor digitorum longus muscle (branch to little toe)
GB 42 angle
Perpendicular
GB 42 depth
0.5-0.8 cun
GB 41 location
In the depression distal to the junction of the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones, on the lateral side of the tendon of extensor digitorum longus
GB 41 angle
Perpendicular
GB 41 depth
0.5-1 cun
UB 61 location
On the lateral side of the foot, 1.5 cun inferior to UB 60, in a tender depression on the calcaneum
UB 61 angle
Transverse
UB 61 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
UB 64 location
On the lateral side of the foot, in the depression anterior and inferior to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone
UB 64 angle
Perpendicular
UB 64 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
UB 63 location
On the lateral side of the foot, directly below the anterior border of the lateral malleolus, on the lower border of the cuboid bone
UB 63 angle
Perpendicular
UB 63 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
KD 3 location
In the depression between the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon, level with the prominence of the medial malleolus
KD 3 angle
Perpendicular to join UB 60
KD 3 depth
0.5-1 cun
KD 6 location
1 cun below the prominence of the medial malleolus, in the groove formed by two ligamentous bundles
KD 6 angle
Oblique directed superiorly
KD 6 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
Nei Huai Jian location
At the tip of the medial malleolus
Nei Huai Jian angle
Perpendicular
Nei Huai Jian depth
0.2 cun
SP 5 locaiton
On the medial side of the ankle, on the depression which lies at the junction of straight lines drawn along the anterior and inferior borders of the medial malleolus
SP 5 angle
Perpendicular
Transverse towards ST 41
SP 5 depth
0.2-0.3 cun
LV 4 location
On the ankle, anterior to the prominence of the medial malleolus, in the significant depression just medial to the tendon of tibialis anterior when the ankle is dorsiflexed
LV 4 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique medially towards SP 5 or laterally towards ST 41
LV 4 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
ST 41 location
On the ankle, level with the prominence of the lateral malleolus, in a depression between tendons of extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus
ST 41 angle
Perpendicular or Oblique beneath the tendons to join with SP 5 medially or GB 40 laterally
ST 41 depth
0.5 cun
ST 41 caution
Anterior tibial vessels and nerve
GB 40 location
At the ankle joint, in the depression anterior and inferior to the lateral malleolus
GB 40 angle
Perpendicular directed towards KD 6
GB 40 depth
1-1.5 cun
UB 62 location
On the lateral side of the foot, approximately 0.5 cun inferior to the inferior border of the lateral malleolus, in a depression posterior to the peroneal tendons
UB 62 angle
Oblique inferiorly
UB 62 depth
0.3-0.5 cun
Wai Huai Jian location
At the tip of the lateral malleolus
Wai Huai Jian angle
Perpendicular
Wai Huai Jian depth
0.2 cun or bleed or moxa
UB 60 location
Behind the ankle joint, in the depression between the prominence of the lateral malleolus and the Achilles tendon
UB 60 angle
Perpendicular
UB 60 depth
0.5-1 cun
UB 60 caution
Pregnancy
